Building Blocks of Life Essay

Part 1: Mitosis and Meiosis Short-Answer Response Use Ch. 5 of BioInquiry and the â€Å"Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis† video as resources for Part 1 of this assignment. Write 75- to 100-word answers to the following questions. Why are the process of mitosis and meiosis both important to a living organism? Both mitosis and meiosis processes are extremely important because they are the division of chromosomes and without this division reproduction would not occur. Cell division plays an important role in the life cycle of a cell allowing the cell to grow, develop and then reproduce. If these processes did not occur then the cells would eventually die out and without the ability to be replaced by new cells then the host would die as well. When would an organism need to undergo the process of mitosis? Meiosis? An organism would need to undergo the process of mitosis in order to repair damaged cells or to start a new cell life cycle through cellular division. All cells need to be replaced on the regular basic within a living organism the cells divide and create new cells. An organism would need to undergo the process of meiosis when it needs to produce cells that are designated for sexual reproduction, such as egg or sperm cells within humans What would happen if meiosis did not occur? If meiosis did not occur then haploid cells would not be made resulting in the cell being unable to reproduce. Meiosis I reduces the number of chromosomes by half so that when fertilization occurs the number of  chromosomes would be reestablished. During meiosis II the daughter cell is a unique variation of its parent cell while still only having one pair of chromosomes. Part 2: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Matrix Complete the matrix. Use the following questions to aid in completion: What is the purpose of this pathway? Reactants: What does this reaction need to proceed? Products: What is produced because of the reaction? The role of ATP: Does it supply energy or store energy? Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Pathway Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Light-dependent reaction Light-independent reaction Purpose Energy Harvesting or Sugar-Splitting breakdown of glucose to single carbon molecules Converts oxygen to water Provide energy for the light-independent reaction Produces food for cellular respiration Where it takes place Cell cytoplasm Mitochondria Mitochondria Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Reactants ATP, NADH, Pyruvates,CO2,Coenzyme A,PGAL Acetyl Co-A, oxaloacetate, Citrate, Alpha ketoglutarate NADH, FADH2 Sunlight, chlorophyll, and water ATP, carbon dioxide, and NADPH Products H20, NADH, ATP Carbon dioxide and ATP 36 ATP Oxygen and ATP Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) The role of ATP Energy used to breakdown Pyruvic acid into Acetyl Co-enzyme A for the Krebs Cycle Energy to drive the electron transport High production of ATP produces energy for overall cell growth and repair Transports solar energy in the form of ATP to power other chemical reactions Fuels the formation of carbohydrates

Real Problem Behind White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime is a term that has been applied to a wide variety of non-violent crimes that are often committed in offices and boardrooms rather than on the street. Crimes are committed by means of unlawful paper transactions rather than with weapons, by middle-class people rather than by career criminals (Sutherland, 1983). It includes the crime of fraud in its many variations, as well as violations of government regulations that might not even result in immediate, ascertainable harm. The term refers to crimes committed by individuals, as well as wrongs inflicted by corporate entities (which are also subject to criminal prosecution). White-collar crime is investigated and prosecuted by the federal and state governments. For most individuals, white-collar crime is not viewed as a crime at all, because of its non-violent nature. Violent crime has an immediate and obvious impact on its victims, which raises the attention of the public, whereas white-collar crime frequently goes undetected or is viewed as a bending of the rules (Geis, 1982). White-collar crime; however, can have more of an impact than violent crimes. The victim of a violent crime can recover (most times, but not always), were as the victim of fraud can have immeasurable impact, that can devastate his/her home, family, and even life. The real problem behind white-collar crime is not defining white-collar crime, but developing the appropriate means to correct this type of crime. One of the most popular white-collar crimes is embezzlement. Throughout the rest of this literature review, embezzlement will remain the focus of the discussion. Embezzlement is the most popular financial crime in the nation, and is the predominant factor in the failure of all types of businesses (Barlow, 1978). Also, embezzlement is an individual crime, not just a document or technological crime. It is often the most misunderstood and complicated crime to discover, or to investigate. The crime of embezzlement accounts for the majority of all financial institution crimes investigated by the FBI (Geis, 1982). It is often a function of an employee†s circumstances and/or attitude combined with employer naivete and carelessness and with the decreasing threat of prosecution and other detrimental consequences (Weisburd, Wheeler, Waring & Bode, 1991). Embezzlement may occur because an employee who is in a position of trust with access to company funds is experiencing difficult, personal financial problems. The temptation becomes too great and the employee resorts to embezzlement to solve his/her financial problems. It also occurs because employee loyalty is less now than in the past years and employees often believe that they are paid too little and treated unfairly. Law enforcement agencies have less and less manpower to pursue embezzlement so the fear of prosecution is less of a deterrent to employees. Embezzlements are generally both ego and habit crimes, and are rhythmic, predictable and cyclic (Jamieson, 1994). Embezzlers rationalize their behavior to conform to their own morals and ethics. Embezzlers realize that their actions will ultimately hurt people around them, and they just do not care. Embezzlements are secret crimes, but someone else within the institution often has knowledge of the crime. Most embezzlements are actually a series or combination of crimes, rather than a single crime. The majority of embezzlements begin as a simple misuse of the company†s funds for a short-term personal purpose (Geis, 1968). These occurrences then become a habit, requiring additional misuse to hide the original crime. Embezzlements are generally committed by one of three methods: By trickery, deceit or misrepresentation (e.g. account holder or rightful owner impersonation, official seals of fictitious accounts); by documents (e.g. check, â€Å"authorization note†, power of attorney); and by technology (e.g. on-line computer, FAX machines, ATM access)(Weisburd et al., 1991). Generally, embezzlements committed by staff personnel are more numerous, and the individual amounts taken are relatively small. Embezzlements committed by supervisors and officers are less frequent, and the amounts taken are more significant. Taking money to support a certain lifestyle or an employee†s family is the most popular motive. Revenge against the employer is the next most popular motive. Periodic surveys and statistics gathered by law enforcement agencies indicate that losses attributed to acts of embezzlement are more significant than losses attributed to all other types of business crimes combined (Barlow, 1978). The number of embezzlements increases annually, primarily because of: 1. Inadequate pre-employment screening by employers, 2. Changing morality in all segments of society, particularly the work force, 3. Decreasing law enforcement help and emphasis, and 4. Minimal punishment for offenders. Embezzlements include both misuse and misappropriation. Misuse is defined as the abuse of privilege or position without the specific intent to steal; misappropriation is defined as the taking of funds or property with the specific intent to steal (Geis, 1982). Estimates are that less than 10% of these crimes are reported. The true scope of the embezzlement problem may never be known for many reasons. Embezzlement is not just theft, it is also misuse. Thefts require a specific intent to steal, are relatively simple to prove and are reported more often than incidents of misuse. Acts of misuse require no specific intent to steal, and are often difficult to prove and are often categorized as â€Å"mysterious disappearances† (Jamieson, 1994). The discovery of embezzlement requires the institution to file a criminal report and a criminal referral form, which removes the control of an investigation from the institution. It is often believed to be more â€Å"convenient† to allow an embezzler to terminate employment and voluntarily repay the loss than to file a crime report and become involved with the criminal justice process (Weisburd et al., 1991). Embezzlement is also a secret or closet crime and is often discussed in the same â€Å"whispered tones† as crimes of child or adult sexual assault are. Denial of the act, a sense of violation and feeling shame for allowing it to happen are responses reported by victims of both assaults and embezzlements. These victims are then reluctant to report the crime, fearing public exposure and humiliation. Some people purposely embezzle (steal) while others simply misuse (borrow or use) the institution†s assets (service, equipment, supplies and facilities) without intending to steal. Both actions create losses to the institution. The disastrous effects suffered by the nation†s financial institutions and related industries, and the loss of public trust in those industries, have primarily resulted from acts of embezzlement or from self-serving transactions by key employees working within all levels of the institution (Geis, 1982). The misuse and misappropriation of assets significantly contributed to the crippling or failure of many industries such as: Financial institutions (e.g. savings and loan industry); defense contractors (e.g. overcharges, failed product design, diversion of funds); securities brokerage firms (e.g. junk bonds and diversion of funds) and insurance companies (e.g. investment in prohibited ventures and diversion of funds) (Weisburd et al., 1991). The very people who work within and manage these industries are disabling them. Their leaders have been the subjects of unfavorable from-page news stories. Their crimes and lack of corporate morals overshadow, and contribute to, similar behavior of their employees. In other words, creating an embezzlement environment starts at the top of the organization. It†s less expensive to prevent embezzlement than it is to investigate one. Estimates are that for each $1.00 lost to any crime, the institution loses and additional $4.00. These calculations are conservative, and don†t take into account the other losses the institution will ultimately suffer (Jamieson, 1994). Embezzlements are emotional as well as financial crimes. Victims of embezzlement display the same progression and range of symptoms displayed by victims of sexual assault or catastrophic disasters: shock, disbelief, denial, rage, grief and recovery (Geis, 1982). This cycle generally peaks within six months of the crime, and it may take up to three years for the institution to recover fully. While the actual monetary loss from an embezzlement may be significant, it will be relatively insignificant compared to the losses caused by these other factors that will become evident after an embezzlement has been discovered: lowered employee morals due to increased security measures, and aggravated by distrust of other employees; employees† disorientation and their accompanying mistakes, resulting in poor customer service; a reduction in actual tasks performed by employees, because of their pre-occupation with events related to the embezzlement; adverse publicity due to management†s likely inability to control the flow of information to the media; and the necessary interaction with the criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts and corrections) (Weisburd et al., 1991). Mistakes often appear to be embezzlements. The results of poor training and supervision often appear as clerical errors, as mis-coded or miscounted items, and as misapplied transactions. Appropriate training, supervision and the application of effective loss prevention techniques are necessary to protect the institution and its employees from both mistakes and embezzlements (Jamieson, 1994). Honest employees must be protected from suspicion of dishonesty, and embezzlers must be removed. A successful defense begins with a single action demonstrated by one concerned person. Someone must take a stand against the problem, and then become knowledgeable and concerned enough about the problem to persuade others to take a stand. You will likely find both supporters and detractors within every level of the institution. Embezzlers will continue to be successful until industry leaders acknowledge the magnitude and pervasiveness of the problem; until industry leaders believe that this activity is intolerable; and until industry leaders take an active role in embezzlement prevention and education (Weisburd et al., 1991). To truly understand the scope of embezzlement individuals must research and understand new policy techniques and educate themselves on the crime of embezzlement in order to combat this up and coming crime. Embezzlers violate all commonly accepted business and personal values, morals and ethics. Embezzlers are rarely prosecuted criminally, rarely receive jail sentences upon conviction, and rarely repay the victims or court costs. As we learn more about the criminal act of embezzlement, and more about the people who commit these crimes, the better prepared we are to identify behaviors commonly displayed by both the institution and the employee who embezzles. Corporations and business owners need to establish a code of conduct with their employees. This method would provide an excellent way to communicate with employees and describe acceptable standards of behavior within the company. Also, this method gives the employee a list of employee†s rights and obligations to follow. Employees who believe that they are treated fairly, and equally with every other employees, are less likely to become discontented and commit an embezzlement crime. If corporations follow the simple but effective methods mentioned above they should have more success in removing embezzlement from the business world.

Aiding Children of Drug and Alcohol Addicted Parents and Siblings

As the child gets older, he or she becomes aware of the existence of many things that would help him or her to become a mature individual. In other words, the society will have a very important role in molding the youth to become responsible people in the future.However, regardless of a better society, the child learns at home first before he or she becomes exposed to what the society can teach to him or her. If the parents or siblings are taking illegal drugs, the health and well-being of the child will definitely be affected (Parenting and Child Health).Addiction to drugs and alcohol would affect the development of the child and the possibility of being a drug user in the future is high (Marina & McKeganay 554).There are many consequences in drug addiction of a member of the family. It may lead to domestic violence and may cause depression to the child (Hope Networks). Moreover, the child may imitate the acts of taking alcohol and using drugs in the future (Zuckerman et al 758).Man y proposals have been suggested to lessen the cases of violence due to drug abuse but the society often end up facing the dilemma of having too many people that keep on taking alcohol improperly and using illegal drugs.Even the government has amended laws to reduce the number of children that are victims of the consequences of drug use (Keheller et al 1586). One of the most popular techniques of reducing the problems with drugs and alcohol is the family treatment. The family having a problem with drugs is being treated in order to avoid the possible family conflicts in the future (Miller 1046).Drug addiction is often being paid attention only when the member of the family is already affected. Many health professionals may have been successful in treating the victims of alcohol and drug addiction which made people realized that problems brought by alcohol and drugs can easily be fixed (Fleming 95).This perception is one of the most common misconceptions of the society regarding socie tal problems. The society often fails to realize that the treatment can be most effective before the result of drug addiction takes place. In other words, people should answer the problems of drugs and alcohol even before the society gets affected by its consequences.

Research and analyse Google company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research and analyse Google company - Essay Example Beyond the founders, Google has diverse stakeholders. The stakeholders influence the decisions of the organization significantly. Stakeholders of the organization experience a set of positive and negative ramifications in their positions (Morrow, 2013). Therefore, the stakeholders have both benefits and challenges posed by the organization. Stakeholders of this organization entail users, investors, and employees (Morrow, 2013). These are the key stakeholders of the Google organization. Users are key stakeholders in Google. Google has a huge amount of users due to its diversity of services. The company provides diverse programs, tools, and information for the benefit of users (Morrow, 2013). In this case, the diversity expands the number of users in the company. This organization records a huge number of users that exceeds a total of a billion. Google has a set of positive effects towards the users. Each user benefits significantly from the information disseminated by Google (Morrow, 2013). The advertisements, research, and scholarly details facilitate the knowledge and awareness of each user. Programs and tools in Google enhance the technological expertise of the users (Morrow, 2013). The programs and tools also enhance convenience of communication amongst the users (Morrow, 2013). Evidently, Google users have maximum benefit from the company’s provisions. ... Investors are also key stakeholders of Google (Morrow, 2013). The company has outstanding benefits towards the investors. In the past year, the company raised an total of 14.4billion in its revenue (Morrow, 2013). This is a 36% growth of the company, after the culmination of the previous year. Definitely, investors benefit from the massive financial rewards from the company. However, investors cannot predict the progress of the organization due to the rampant social change that initiates shifts in users’ preferences (Morrow, 2013). Competition is already emerging from companies that offer the same services as Google. Nevertheless, Google is kept secure as it records an aggregate of 86% of satisfied customers in the modern society (Morrow, 2013). Employees are key stakeholders in Google (Morrow, 2013). They influence decision making in the organization (Morrow, 2013). Employees in Google benefit from the company’s capability to reward and motivate them. Google offers inc entives that motivate the loyalty of the workforce (Morrow, 2013). Each employee in Google is motivated to serve the organization. Despite this fact, employees in Google have been resigning rampantly (Morrow, 2013). The past year resignations are attributed to extreme bureaucracy within the organization. Therefore, Google employees are negatively affected by bureaucracy (Morrow, 2013). Evidently, every stakeholder in Google experiences a set of benefits and challenges simultaneously. Google is a major organization in the globe. â€Å"Its operations in the USA entail massive usage of electricity† (Whelan, 2008). Therefore, Google consumes an immense proportion of that aggregate electricity in the USA. This organization has been in operation for

Introduction music technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction music technology - Essay Example The music critics also praised the lyrics and the natural and simple tone of Adele’s voice. Adele was offered her first recording contract from XL Recording after her demo was posted online by her friend. It was immediately a year after it that Adele received the critics’ choice award at Brit Awards and she also won the award for BBC Sound of the Year. Her first debut album â€Å"19† was released in the year 2008 and it immediately turned out to be a commercial and critical success. It was declared double platinum in US and four times platinum in UK. Adele experienced a career boost after she appeared on the show â€Å"Saturday night live† in 2008. She was also awarded â€Å"The Female Pop Vocal Performance† and â€Å"The Best New Artist† at the 51st annual Grammy awards. Adele’s second album named 21 set a world record, as it sold more than 28 million copies worldwide. For the completion of the song Adele collaborated with the successful producer and musician Dan Wilson. Before her meeting with Wilson, Adele wrote the lyrics of the song. Both of them practiced and brainstormed various lyrics and melodies. The song was recorded by Adele at the Harmony Studio that is present in West Hollywood California and Dan Wilson was on the Piano during the song. At that time Phillip Allen was the recording engineer. The mixing of the song was however done by Dan Parry and Tom Elmhirst, while the mastering of the song was completed by Tom Coyne. The song has a certain history, as lyrically it speaks about the end of relationship with her log time lover. The song also shows Adele confronting his marriage. At the starting of the song Adele sings a line which indicated that her boyfriend has now settled and has married someone else, which is accompanied by simple piano melody. The lyrics of the song indicate that what once was in Adele’s life and what could have been. Dan Wilson states that when Adele first

A Report of Community Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Report of Community Engagement - Essay Example For anyone who has never experienced a Relay for Life event, it is an amazing event that allows for people to come together who have in some way been touched by cancer. There is not one single person who has not been somehow directly or indirectly been affected by cancer. This event allows for people to come in to celebrate the lives of the survivors who have fought cancer and to remember the loved ones who have lost the battle. Money is raised for Relay for Life prior to the event and during it with all types of activities. In this case, I was a member of a team for Relay for Life and for each team, one person is supposed to walk around the track at all times during the 24 hour long event. By doing this event, I felt as if I was able to give back by both raising money and by contributing my time to help raise awareness about cancer. I participated in this event because I felt a tie to it and a need to feel the social responsibility. Since cancer affects so many people that I have kn own in my lifetime, it only seemed like the best way to try to commemorate how they impacted my life, not just during their lives, but unfortunately, at the time of their deaths as well. There was not a single part of me that did not want to somehow give back.

Assignment 9 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

9 - Assignment Example Measured by Interviewing patients about how easy is it for them to obtain healthcare services, by assessing the utilization of the healthcare services and lastly structuralwherebypresence or absences of healthcare facilitating resources are assessed. The term cost may refer to the amount of money spent by a company in the production or creation of goods and services. Cost may also refer to the amount of money which is spent in production of good or product. Another meaning of cost is the total amount of money that the seller sets for a product which includes both cost of production and the added cost to make the profit. Quality measures are tools that track and measure the quality of healthcare services offered by eligible hospitals and professionals within the healthcare system. These tools use the data obtained from the healthcare provider’s ability to offer service. However, quality measures impact health care through measuring various aspects of patient such as health outcomes, patient safety, population and population health, clinical processes, and among others. There are several facts about medical tourism. First, medical tourism has been around for thousands of years. Second, there are 458 International hospitals in the Joint Commission around the world. Thirdly, one may spend less time at a hospital and a lot of time at the hotel during a medical trip. The fourth fact is that one’s companion can make a medical trip successful or can break it. It is cost saving. Also, it enables patients to receive high standard medical care not provided at their home countries. It also provides patients with an easy access to immediate medical care with less or zero time. Language and cultural barriers are disadvantageous to medical tourists. The legal permits and paperwork can be very demanding. Misinformation about the kind of treatments and their equivalent costs can destroy the whole objective of medical vacation. The health care

Genesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Genesis - Essay Example This Biblical assertion triggers in the mind of every Christian that there is given beginning for everything that exists on earth. It makes it clear and easy to believe that God had a plan for His creation since He decided to begin with the heaven and earth. Each step made by God in the process of creation was typically methodical. Verse two of chapter one says that, â€Å"the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters† (New International Version, Gen.1.2). This case provides the way God is really powerful. Both the first and second verses have created the impression that God has no definite beginning. This is because everything started from his creation. He could even see what to do even before light was created. This further implies that whatever God did was meant to be a blessing to the product of His work of creation, especially to human beings. This is seen in the case where he comm ands that, â€Å"Let there be light: and there was light† (New International Version, Gen.1.3). The creation story in the Christian religion is unique from other religions and scientific interpretations. In essence, various aspects or happenings found in Genesis have been attracting the attention of scientific institutions. In this regard, some institutions seem to oppose some creation stories while others aim at providing some geological and biological evidence about the stories of creation and Noah’s Flood (New International Version, Gen.9.16). The various scientific explanations and mythologies of creation and Noah’s flood have been presented in the world today, but are often accompanied with their inconsistencies and fallacies in the attempt to disagree with the Christian Bible. Nevertheless, the flood happens due to Gods anger towards human beings. The book of Genesis says that, â€Å"Never again will I curse

Software System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Software System Development - Essay Example This pejorative form of the noun "hack" is even used among users of the positive sense of "hacker". The nuclear power plant's project manager who has already entered into contract with the software house should have considered all the aspects of software house before awarding the contract. Though the nuclear power plant has every right to question and demand the details of the employees working with the software house, however the software house need not provide the data as they feel it as a trade secret. The Project Manager being a higher official is not entitled to hack the database of the supplier company and grab the details on the basis of ex-employees information. This is a bad practice on the part of buyer. This type of action would affect buyer-seller relationship among the firms. For effective business process the exchange partners should have mutual trust and cooperation. According to Moorman, Deshpande, and Zaltman (Moorman et al, 1993) trust is willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence. According to Achrol (Achrol et al, 1991), Morgan and Hunt trust is a major determinant of relationship commitment. Thus the decision of Project Manager to hack the database of software house can be considered as breach of trust. The Project Manager instead of hacking the database can demand the software house to prove their employees skills to complete the project through negotiations. It would be onus duty on the part of supplier to prove his capabilities. The action of hacking is against legal procedures and the trespasser can be prosecuted under the following cyber laws: Under Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (as amended Oct. 3, 1996) section 1030,a hacker is liable to be punished for knowingly and intent to defraud, accesses a protected computer without authorization In Western Australia under section 440A of criminal code under the heading 'unlawful operation of a computer system'. The hacker can be prosecuted. (www.aic.gov.au ,11,2006) References 1. Network Security and Ethical Hacking by Rajat Khare, 1st Edition, 2006. 2. Factors affecting the trust in market research relationships by Moorman, Deshpande, and Zaltman. Journal of Marketing, 57(January), 81-101. 3. Evolution of the marketing organization by Achrol .Journal of Marketing, 55(October), 77-93. Answer 2 System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. SLDC has three primary objectives: ensure that high quality systems are delivered, providing strong management controls over the projects, and maximize the productivity of the systems staff. In order to meet these objectives the SLDC has many specific requirements it must meet including: being able to support projects and systems of various scopes and types, supporting all of the technical activities, supporting all of the management activities, being highly usable, and providing guidance on how to install it. The technical activities include system definition, that is, analysis, design, coding, testing, system installation ( Training, data

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology Term Paper

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology - Term Paper Example Human Performance and Anatomy of an Event In its simple definition, human performance is a string of actions and behaviors implemented to achieve definite task objectives and milestones (Department of Energy, 2007). In mathematical terms, human performance is behavior plus results. Behavior can be defined as the aggregate responses to internal and external stimuli (Dictionary, 2011). The study of behavior and its causes are exceedingly valuable as the indication for development efforts to foresee, prevent, and recover from human errors and events. A range of studies by the nuclear industry, the aircraft industry, and the National Safety Council synonymously found that: †¢ About 80% of all events are caused by human errors. 20% are the result of equipment failures. In some industries, the numbers are closer to 90% human error and 10% equipment failures. And, †¢ When we break down human errors, we find that 70% of all human error is the result of latent organizational weaknesses or errors within the organization, whereas about 30% are individual errors. Anatomy of an Event: Events or Accidents are unwelcome, undesirable variation in the systems that often result in severe degradation or annihilation of equipment’s capacity to perform its normal function. The course of an event usually revolves around initiating action, error precursors, latent organizational weaknesses and flawed defenses. The starting point of an accident is an initiating action that is done unintentionally or intentionally (violation), causing active errors that have immediate, undesirable outcomes to the whole process. This initiating action is scaled up with error precursors that are basically unfavorable pre-existing conditions at the event site hence increasing the vulnerability of the accident risk. Further more, the management of an accident or event are demented by latent organizational weaknesses such as inefficient management control, ineffective engineering design and control and other system level weaknesses. Flawed

Reintrodution Of Wolves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reintrodution Of Wolves - Essay Example Deforestation in the eastern United States was considered one among the several reasons that resulted in wolves' extinction. The other reasons include the over-hunting of ungulate populations like deer and elk, which were the main prey of wolves and lastly the settlers raised livestock for living and due to the fear of depredation they planned to eradicate wolves by poisoning, by trapping and shooting them that resulted in sharp decline in wolves population. In 1914, Congress issued a notice to eradicate all predators from the villages including the wolves. In 1926, Yellowstone National Park has witnessed the elimination of the last wolf from its premises. The last wolf of Yellowstone National Park was shot in the year 1926 and by 1940s slowly due to over-hunting, habitat loss and system eradication programs that are aimed at top predators like wolves resulted in the elimination of their population from most of the contiguous United States. In 1967 timber wolves subspecies were listed as an endangered species under the Endangered Specie Preservation Act of 1966. This bolstered in the passage of Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) by which the Secretary of the Interior was forced to list all other species of wolves including the gray wolves and the red wolves as an endangered species. ... In 1978, central Idaho, Northwestern Montana and the Yellowstone National Park were identified as the three regions that were suitable for wolves' recovery plan as these areas have habitat characteristics that were suitable to sustain their population. In 1987, the efforts of Northern Rocky Mountain Recovery team resulted in the approval of their plan, stipulated that for the next three consecutive years each of the three should be able to maintain a minimum of 10 breeding pairs so that FWS be able to delist the wolves as an endangered species. The expected population was approximately 300 wolves. According to the plan recovery should be natural that wolves should be emigrated from the neighboring country Canada. The natural recovery plan was for Idaho and Montana, Yellowstone National Park was chosen for reintroduction by applying the experimental-population authority of 10(j) of the ESA. In the outcome of a failure of planned establishment of two wolf packs in central Idaho within five years, reintroduction should be considered for these areas. In January 1995, 29 wolves were transported from Canada to the reintroduction areas in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Of the 29 wolves 15 were released into central Idaho and the remaining 14 were released into Yellowstone National Park. Again in January 1996 37 wolves were transported from Canada to the same reintroduction areas in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Of these 20 were released into central Idaho and the remaining 17 were released into Yellowstone National Park. Ten wolf pups were moved to Yellowstone National Park from Northwestern Montana. The reason for this movement was due to the repeated depredation of livestock by wolves that force the authorities to kill the adults. FWS has successfully reintroduced a

Rebecca and the Short Story the Tell-Tale Heart Convey Gothic Themes Essay Example for Free

Rebecca and the Short Story the Tell-Tale Heart Convey Gothic Themes Essay The Gothic genre is a style of film and literature that expresses themes of madness, death, darkness, romance and obsession. Although Rebecca and The Tell- Tale Heart are fitted to the Gothic genre, the composers have conveyed similar themes in different ways. Obsession in Rebecca is that of Mrs Danvers, who is obsessed to the point it drives her mad. She would do anything to bring Rebecca back. Whereas in Poe’s short story the narrator is so obsessed with the eye of an old man he would do anything, including commit murder to get rid of it. Alfred Hitchcock’s film, Rebecca is a psychological thriller that uses cinematic techniques such as pathetic fallacy, characterization, motifs and lighting to convey gothic themes of madness and obsession. In contrast, Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Tell- Tale Heart uses literary techniques such as narration and figurative language to successfully convey these same themes. While both composers convey Gothic themes of madness and obsession they communicate each with different techniques. Also the characters that they have created are portrayed as dealing with madness and obsession very differently. In the film Rebecca, the different characters Max and Mrs Danvers are used to explore the Gothic theme of madness. Hitchcock manipulates the frame in key scenes, by making Max’s body language suggest his nervousness, worry, anger and the need to ease himself. Max goes on to acknowledge, â€Å"Perhaps I am mad†. This declaration sums up the theory that something bothers Max, and that it is obviously taking a toll on him. Hitchcock depicts the sincere and loyal personality of Max as hiding something which changes his personality and domineering status. This is used to explore the gothic theme of madness and the effects that it has on Max. However, Mrs Danvers’ obsession leads her to commit acts of madness. Towards the end of the film Mrs Danvers burns down the mansion while she is still inside, inevitably killing herself in an attempt to bring justice to the long dead Rebecca. The final scene of the burning mansion and the screaming Mrs Danvers is symbolic of her madness, which was dangerous and not dissimilar from satanic worship. Poe’s The Tell- Tale Heart, also explores the gothic theme of madness. By writing in first person, Poe makes the story very narrow, as it fits only the narrator’s thoughts and reasoning. The narrator repeatedly claims he is not mad and that it is not madness that drives him, but instead it is the right thing to do. But he continues to question, â€Å"How then, am I mad? † Although there is only one point of view throughout the story, the narrator seems to talk to readers. He tries to persuade readers who are essentially his conscience that he is sane. Rather than convincing readers that he is sane, he verifies that he is indeed mad. By writing in first person, it is easy to understand what is going through the narrator’s mind. He emphasizes his madness and denial. Towards the end of the story the narrator behaves as if he is haunted and guilty, â€Å"I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer†. He begins to imagine things that aren’t really there and reaches the point at which he can no longer hide his secret. Hence he is essentially confessing in the hope of freeing his conscience. Poe’s character is one who denies madness, whereas Hitchcock’s character embraces the idea. In addition, both Hitchcock and Poe successfully convey the Gothic theme of obsession. Hitchcock develops the menacing and lingering Mrs Danvers as a conniving character with an unnatural adoration for Rebecca. This is made apparent when Mrs De Winter catches Mrs Danvers in the room of Rebecca. The room has been kept to the precise orders of the late Rebecca. Mrs Danvers admiringly recounts all Rebecca had requested, â€Å"I kept her furs in here†¦ Put it against your face. It’s soft isn’t it? You can feel it can’t you? The scent is still fresh isn’t it? † The relationship between Mrs Danvers and the late Rebecca quickly escalates to become one that transgresses the normal. Mrs Danvers continues to hold onto the obsessive relationship and twisted love she shared with Rebecca. Mrs Danvers still longs for Rebecca who is no longer alive. The tone and language that Mrs Danvers uses when speaking to Mrs De Winter is short and proper. She seems to deliberately want to make Mrs De Winter feel uneasy with herself and incomparable to Rebecca. Even though Rebecca is dead, she is an increasingly large figure throughout the film. Her power is not drawn physically, but from the relationship she had with Mrs Danvers and the loyalty Mrs Danvers has for her. With the presence of Mrs Danvers, and the motif of her ‘R’ embroidery, there is a heavy feeling of Rebecca still being alive and never going away. The obsession that Mrs Danvers has for Rebecca may not be one of violence and hate, but it is still menacing, off-putting and frightening, right up to the end. The obsession in Poe’s short story and Hitchcock’s film both end similarly. The main character from The Tell- Tale Heart has an unhealthy obsession just like Mrs Danvers, â€Å"It haunted me day and night†¦ I think it was the eye! Yes it was this! † After ridding himself of the eye, a motif on the narrator’s obsession which is similar to the motif of Rebecca, his obsession has only shifted to concealing the crime he has committed. The narrator focuses all his power and attention to an eye, which causes him much annoyance, and an unbearable need to destroy it. His obsession with the eye and how it makes him feel, leads him to agree with himself in that it must be stopped. It is as if his obsession clouds his judgment of what is right and wrong. Even though Poe conveys the old man as how the narrator sees him, a reader can interpret the true nemesis as being the narrator. Poe conveys the narrator’s obsession by emphasizing every thought that has crossed his mind and how he spends much time and energy, taking care to deal with his obsession and fear. Eventually Poe’s character like Max also tries to conceal his crime but ends with a guilty confession. In conclusion, the key characters of Rebecca and The Tell- Tale Heart all portray the Gothic themes of madness and obsession. Each character plays a different role; Mrs Danvers is drawn up as a conniving madwoman who meets her deserved death. In contrast, Poe’s character is mad from the beginning as a result of an unhealthy obsession. He meets his own end voluntarily as he confesses his guilt.

Learning Strategies In A Task Based Learning Education Essay

Learning Strategies In A Task Based Learning Education Essay Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) as one of the ways of implementing a Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach is a favorite method employed by English teachers in Asia; (Nunan, 2003) claimed that most Asian countries surveyed (Mainland China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam) subscribe to the principles of CLT, and in a number of them, TBLT (the latest realization of CLT) is the central pillar of government rhetoric. Task is basically defined as a goal-oriented classroom activity (Ellis, 2003; Nunan, 2006; Oxford, 2006; Prabhu, 1987; Willis, 1998). It requires learners use of target language that is focused more on the conveying of meaning rather than on the practice of form (Ellis, 2003; Nunan, 2006; Skehan, 1998). Oxford (2006) completes the definition of tasks as behavioral classroom instructions that are externally imposed either on a person or a group. There are two basic reasons to select TBL as an English teaching and learning approach. The first reason is the desire for a meaning-focused approach that reflects real life language use (Leaver Willis, 2004). Language use needs to be transferred from real world activities into classroom activities, and this can be done through TBL. Another reason for selecting TBL is that task based interactions stimulate natural acquisition processes (Prabhu, 1987). A number of studies reveal the effectiveness of TBL in enhancing students language proficiency, especially their oral communication skills (eg., Ahmed, 1996; Lochana Deb, 2006). It is official policy that the teaching and learning process of English as a foreign language at the Business Administration Department of the State Polytechnic of Malang is through a Task-Based Learning (TBL) approach. TBL has been adopted by the Business Administration department of the State Polytechnic of Malang because, as the latest realization of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, TBL is an implementation of the overarching Competency-Based curriculum the department employs. The selection of English teaching topics in this department is initiated with a needs analysis; the department regularly visits companies to survey employers expectation of their future employees skills. Most companies, especially the foreign companies, expect that their future employees possess adequate English oral communication skills as the first priority. Thus, the first goal of the teaching of English as a foreign language at this department is toward students adequate oral communica tion proficiency. In this study, I define a task as a classroom activity that is focused on meaning rather than on form and that requires the learners to achieve observable outcomes by employing English as the target language for oral communication skills as used in real life. Appendix 1 is an example of TBL activity to develop the required skills. The combination of needs analysis and appropriate TBL activities would seem to be the most effective way to develop the required skills. The implementation of Task-Based Learning has unfortunately had limited success to date. Most students graduating from the Business Administration department do not possess adequate oral communication skills. This problem is common among Indonesian tertiary education institutions, especially in the non-English departments. With my informal observation of teaching in this non-English department, this lack of success is in some part due to teachers limited familiarity with suitable and appropriate implementation of Task-Based Learning. Measures need to be taken to improve the quality of the implementation of the TBL and this can be done through appropriately manipulating task characteristics and conditions. However, manipulating task characteristics and conditions alone does not guarantee the meeting of a pedagogic outcome; attention also needs to be directed to the learners as the participants of the tasks. Learners attention and their own learning needs contribute to their efforts to gain task outcomes (Murphy, 2003). The more effort students make to reach the outcome, the better the result of the learning will be. Their strategies to accomplish the tasks largely determine their success in attaining the pedagogic goal. Learning strategies are personal efforts employed by learners to complete tasks , and students of different learning styles and different cultural background may employ different strategies to learn to communicate in a foreign language (Lam, 2007). Furthermore, appropriate employment of learning strategies plays an imperative role in promoting students self-confidence regarding the development of their communicative competence (Oxford, 1990). Successful learners are believed to effectively employ appropriate learning strategies. Regarding the teachability feature of learning strategies, a number of researchers (Griffiths Parr, 2001; Oxford, 1990, 1996) argue that learning strategies are relatively easy to teach and modify. Students can be trained to be aware of and more conscious of learning strategy use and more proficient at employing appropriate strategies. Task requirements and teachers expectations that are expressed through classroom instructional methods also shape students learning strategy choice. With the assumption that a task-based learning approach will help students in developing their communication skills and that the implementation of this approach will result in students use of effective learning strategies which in turn will elevate students success in developing their communication skills, I am interested in conducting a collaborative action research case study to produce an effective task-based learning program which aims to develop students verbal communication skills and to explore the impact of task-based learning on students employment of learning strategies. Purpose of the Study The prime concern of this study is to analyse non-English department students learning strategies in a task-based learning approach which focuses on their oral communication skills. Research Questions The aforementioned purpose of the study leads to the formulation of research questions as follow: What learning strategies do students with a range of oral proficiency levels employ during the implementation of a task-based learning approach? Do these learning strategies change during a TBL program? What are the students and teachers perception of the impact of TBL on the employment of learning strategies? Delimitation of the Study As reflected by the needs analysis conducted with prospective employers, the first required skills to be possessed by graduates of the Business Administration department of the State Polytechnic of Malang are their oral communication skills. Academically, the TBL program is designed to develop students oral communication skills. In accordance with this focus, my intention to explore students use of learning strategies is focused on the students employment of oral communication learning strategies. Methodology This research will be informed by a qualitative research paradigm and involve an action research case study. It is an action research approach in which I will work collaboratively with one of the English teachers to improve the quality of the EFL teaching and learning process in this vocational higher education institution in Indonesia which is using a TBL program. During the implementation of the TBL, I will explore students employment of learning strategies as a bounded system (a case) or multiple bounded systems (cases) over time, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information (Creswell, 2007). Regarding the multiple sources of information, I will use some different instruments of data collection namely questionnaire, one on one interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews (students scores of their oral communication skills which is always officially conducted by the teacher every semester, students learning journals, and teachers reflective journals). The research participants will be nine second year students of the Business Administration department of the State Polytechnic of Malang. These students are within a range of oral communication skills levels: three students are of the high rank, three are average, and the last three are of low rank. The determination of the students levels is based on their test scores (final semester scores). Because the first goal of teaching English in this department is developing oral communication skills, then, their final test scores are to measure their oral communication skills. Based on their scores, students who belong to the high rank, middle rank and low rank will be invited to be recruited as the participants of the study. Because this study, in one part, will be a collaborative action research, the class teacher will also be a participant in the study. The Methods of the study will include: Questionnaire (Oral Communication Strategy Inventory/OCSI), adopted from Nakatani (2006). For detail description of the strategies inventory please refer to appendix 2. Students learning journals (One entry per week) Teachers reflective journal (One entry per two weeks) Focus group discussion (see appendix 3 for the interview guide) One on one interviews (one to expand on students responses on the OCSI questionnaire, one for an interview with the teacher, and one interview for the Stimulated Recall) Direct observations of both students classroom activities and of videotaped students classroom activities. For these observations, checklist and field notes will be used. The observation checklist is presented in Appendix 4. The data collection process will be conducted following three stages: Stage One: Preliminary data collection Indication of students existing language levels (the oral communication proficiency levels). This procedure will be conducted following the official testing method as usually implemented by the institution. The oral production test rating scale including its description is attached. The result of this test will determine the participants whom I will invite to participate in my study. The first three students of the high, three of the average, and the last three of the low rank groups to volunteer will be recruited as the participants of my study. Completion of OCSI questionnaire (Oral Communication Strategy Inventory) which is adapted from Nakatani (2006). This inventory will be translated into Bahasa Indonesia in order to gain true response from the participants without foreign language difficulties that may intervene. This procedure will function to determine the existing language learning strategies that students employ. One -on- One interview This one -on- one interview will assist me to expand on the questionnaire data to gain deeper information from the participants regarding their use of learning strategies. The interview will also be conducted in Bahasa Indonesia Stage Two: During Data Collection Students learning journal (one entry per week, in Bahasa Indonesia) In this learning journal participants are expected to respond to the following questions: What strategy did you use in accomplishing the task? Why did you employ this strategy? Name the strategy and explain how (the context) in which you used the strategy. Classroom activities videotaping There will be classroom activities videotaping once per week with duration of 90 minutes per lesson. This will be conducted for 6 weeks. Stage Three: Final Data Collection Direct observation of classroom activities Redo of questionnaire completion (Oral Communication Strategies Inventory/OCSI) Videotaped pair work activities for use in the stimulated recall interview Final interview on the use of learning strategies as the extension of the OCSI questionnaire completion and Stimulated Recall (pair interview) Official administration of final test on oral communication using the same test administered in the initial process of data collection. Additional data will be collected through the collaborative relationship with the class teacher. Data collection will be in the following stages: Stage One: an interview in which the teacher is asked to explain his understanding of TBL and student learning strategies. Stage Two: a reflective journal Stage Three: a final interview in which the teacher is asked to revisit his understanding of TBL and learning strategies and to reflect on his perception of the impact of the above on the students language skills Details of data collection activities are as put in the data collection calendar in appendix 5. Data analysis approach The data analysis of this study will begin during the data collection process. To analyse qualitative data, it is preferred to do it simultaneously with data collection (eg. Merriam, 2009). The analysis will be focused on students employment of learning strategies during the accomplishment of TBL. This learning strategy exploration is the main tool to analyse the data. The analysis will be based on the Oral Communication Strategies Inventory (OCSI) developed by Nakatani (2006) which sees learning strategies as conscious cognitive behaviours with two main categories namely strategies for coping with speaking problems and strategies for coping with listening problems. The speaking strategies are composed of 8 factors while the listening strategies consist of 7 factors. I will also analyse students employment of learning strategies based on their oral communication levels: students of high rank, of middle rank, and of low rank. Appendix 6 shows the diagram of main framework of the data analysis. Since this study involves more than one subject, the data analysis will be within-case analysis followed with across-case analysis. To answer the second research question, I will analyse the data chronologically from the beginning of the semester until the end of the semester. There will be three periods of chronological analysis with one period covering five-week implementation of TBL. This is to analyse the change of learning strategy use. Data on students and the teachers perceptions of the impact of TBL on the development of learning strategies will answer the third research question. This may be an exploration of differences between students and the teachers perceptions. There may also be an analysis of differences in the teachers perceptions before the implementation of TBL and after the implementation of TBL. In general, the data analysis will follow these steps: Identifying units. This unit is a potential answer or part of an answer to the research questions. To answer the first research question, I will analyse students strategies for coping with speaking problems and strategies for coping with listening problems. Secondly, there will be units of analysis of individual students, a group of students with the same level of oral communication skills, and students of across levels of oral communication skills. Third, I will conduct a chronological analysis of the students learning strategies development/changes of every-five-week period of TBL implementation. Categorizing the units. This will be conducted through classifying units based on the recurring regularities of the data. Included in this stage is sorting or reducing redundant data and making a concrete description of observable data. The identified data of students use of learning strategies in the implementation of TBL will be described in detail. Interpreting the data. At this stage the categorized data will be interpreted and referred back to the theory. It is a process of making inferences or generating theory. I will refer back to the learning strategies theories (for example, Cohen Macaro, 2007; McDonough, 1995; OMalley Chamot, 1990; Oxford, 1990) including communication strategies theories (for example, Bialystok, 1990).

The Imperative Programming Paradigm Philosophy Essay

The Imperative Programming Paradigm Philosophy Essay The imperative programming paradigm is the oldest and the most traditional one. It has grown from machine and assembler languages, whose main features reflect the John von Neumanns principle of computer architecture. An imperative program consists of explicit commands and calls of procedures to be consequently executed; they carry out operations on data and modify the value of program variables, as well as external environment. Within this paradigm variables are considered as containers for data similar to memory cells of computer memory. In the imperative paradigms we can think of a program as an active agent that manipulates passive objects. We encounter many passive objects in our daily life: a stone, a book, a lamp, and so on. A passive object cannot initiate an action by itself, but it can receive actions from active agents. A program in a procedural paradigm is an active agent that uses passive objects that we refer to as data or data items. To manipulate a piece of data, the active agent issues an action, referred to as a procedure. For example, think of a program that prints the contents of a file. The file is a passive object. To print the file, the program uses a procedure, which we call print. The concept of the imperative paradigm Imperative Paradigms is made up of three parts: a part for object creation, a set of procedure calls and a set of code for each procedure. Some procedures have already been defined in the language itself. By combining this code, the programmer can create new procedures. Characteristics: Discipline and idea Digital hardware technology and ideas of Von Neumann Incremental change of the program it state as a function of time. Execution of computational steps in an order governed by control structures We call the steps for command Straightforward abstractions of the way a traditional Von Neumann computer works Similar to descriptions of everyday routines, such as food recipes and car repairs Typical commands offered by imperative languages Assignment, IO, procedure calls The natural abstraction is the procedure Abstracts one or more actions to a procedure, which can be called as a single command. Procedural programming OBJECT-ORIENTED PARADIGM: Object-Oriented Paradigm, a program describes the structure and behaviour of so called objects and classes of objects. An object encapsulates passive data and active operations on these data: it has a storage fixing its state and a set of methods describing behaviour of the object. Classes compose an inheritance hierarchy including polymorphism of operation. Execution of an object-oriented program is regarded as exchange of message between objects, modifying states. Object-oriented paradigm deals with active objects instead of passive objects. We encounter many active objects in our daily life. The actions to be performed on these objects are included in the object: the objects need only to receive the appropriate stimulus from outside to perform one of the actions. A file in an object-oriented paradigm can be packed with all the procedures called methods in the object-oriented paradigm to be performed by the file: printing, copying, deleting and so on. The program in this paradigm just sends the corresponding request to the object. In object-oriented paradigm, objects of the same type (files, for example) need a set of methods that show how an object of this type reacts to stimuli from outside the objects territories. To create these methods, a unit called a class is used Characteristics: Discipline and idea The theory of concepts, and models of human interaction with real world phenomena Data as well as operations are encapsulated in objects Information hiding is used to protect internal properties of an object Objects interact by means of message passing A metaphor for applying an operation on an object In most object-oriented languages objects are grouped in classes Objects in classes are similar enough to allow programming of the classes, as opposed to programming of the individual objects Classes represent concepts whereas objects represents phenomena Classes are organized in inheritance hierarchies Provides for class extension or specialization Real-World Example using Imperative and Object-oriented Paradigms: Lets say that you are working for a vehicle parts manufacturer that needs to update its online inventory system. Your boss tells you to program two similar but separate forms for a website, one form that processes information about cars and one that does the same for trucks. For cars, we will need to record the following information: Colour, engine size, transmission type, number of doors For bus, the information will be similar, but slightly different, we need: Colour, engine size, transmission type, number of passengers In Imperative programming, you would write the code first to process the car form and then the code for the truck form, but In Object-Oriented programming, you would write a base class called vehicle that would record the common characteristics what we need from both trucks and cars. In this case, the vehicle class will record: Colour, engine size, transmission type Well make each one of those characteristics into a separate method. The colour method, for example, could take the colour of the vehicle as a parameter and do something with it, like storing it in a database. Next, we will create two more classes: truck and car, both of which will inherit all of the methods of the vehicle class and extend it with methods that are unique to them. The car class will have a method called numberofdoors and the truck class will have the methods numberofpassengers. As you seen from above example , employing an object-oriented programming style has significant advantages over Imperative programming, especially as your scale increases, doesnt mean that you should never use Imperative programming, if youre doing a mock-up or a proof-of-concept app, you might not have time to make everything object-oriented and so I think it might would be better to use Imperative programming for a prototypes, but it would be best to make the production product in an Object-Oriented manner. Conclusion: Object-Oriented programming is the brain-child of imperative programming and would not exist without its parent. On that note, we would not have the large-scale, highly modular, highly powerful programming abilities that we have today without the growth of imperative procedural programming into what is now object-oriented programming.

Another Stressful Evening as Mayor in SimCity 4 :: Personal Narrative Writing

Another Stressful Evening as Mayor in SimCity 4 Somewhere, unpublished in bookform, a famous mayor once said, "Show me a man without a vice and I'll show you an arid mind." Everyone has their soft spot: if it's not cigarettes, it's alcohol or else mingling with the wrong partners. Mine is composed of seven letters and a magic number: SimCity 4. After six in the evening, I quit the word processor, e-mailer, my browser's online dictionary window and settle back in the swivel chair. It's time to clock in as mayor. Pursky Muska: A bustling city in the southeastern part of Maxisland, connected to the farm country of Yarbow by railway. Tourist attractions include Big Ben, the Washington Monument, a minor league stadium, a chic country club and two seaports. Population size is 42,499. The 6:02 News: Bunnies have long history of aggression, also have deep philosophical side. The first few minutes are usually the calmest, the perfect occasion to plant oak saplings on the parking lots of industrial buildings and blue spruce pines on residential backyards. This has environmental advisor Camille Meadows doffing her yellow straw hat in my direction. Trees reduce air pollution, and at 3 simoleons each, I call it a bargain. Thanks to an mp3 program, importing songs in the game is a breeze. Joan Osborne's What If God Was One Of Us plays in the background. My bunny slippers tap in time with the beat. I have successfully moved J. Alfred Prufrock, complete with the fancy hat and pipe I chose myself, from the futureless Sims neighborhood, to the Ryan Apartments. Born somewhere outside Eliot's Waste Land, he was living with his cousin, Nancy Ellicott in a two-story house at 79 Crumplebottom Court. Recent conflicts with stray cats and Nancy's obsessed fan hardened his will to look for brighter horizons to such a point that he was seriously considering the marriage proposal of a certain Antonio Salieri... but that's in another game. Right now he is happily driving a blue pick-up going to work at Havoc Bioenhancements and seems to have adapted well in his environment. At first, he ranted against the noise and traffic caused by the motor inn across the street. Ever since his brother-in-law came to visit, he realized the advantages of having one nearby. He now maintains that it is indispensable for really obnoxious relative relief. The 6:06 News: Words "Have a nice day" produce psychosis in 3% of hearers

The Genesis of a Backcountry Identity :: Colonial America Colonization Essays

The Genesis of a Backcountry Identity In the North American English[1] colonial experience and in the subsequent post- revolutionary American Republic, the ability to assimilate either individually or collectively into the hierarchy of power represented a continually evolving process. Previously, throughout Europe’s ancient rà ©gime, a ridged hierarchy had dominated the social interaction of every facet of life and dictated that social positioning was a product of one’s birth and not open to unwarranted acts of social promotion. With the opening of English colonization efforts in the new world during the seventeenth century, the ridged social hierarchy of the old world was transplanted to North America. Although the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Area and the settlers at Jamestown came to North America with wildly divergent intentions, the two different groups nevertheless brought with them the social behaviors of the dominate English identity that they had both been accustom to. The geographica l distance between England and North America, however, generated a logistically challenged environment that increasingly compelled colonial Americans to integrate their dominant English customs within the practical realities of living three thousand miles away from London. Maintaining traditional social order in the English North American colonies was therefore particularly problematic the farther west that English colonial expansion reached in North America. Consequently, in the ensuing one hundred and fifty plus years before colonial America entered the pre-revolutionary period in 1763[2], a gradual weakening of the traditional English hierarchical order of colonial life facilitated the development of a sectionalist conflict that would characterize the western expansion of North America. The loosening of traditional social controls in the English North American colonies affected nearly every aspect of colonial society, but along the expanding frontier regions of colonial America the effects of the weakening hierarchy’s authority allowed a distinct frontier or backcountry identity to develop.[3] At the forefront of the backcountry’s collective identity lay the singular importance of land ownership because, as historian Alan Taylor suggests, â€Å"the distribution of †¦property would determine what sort of society would be reproduced over time as Americans expanded across the continent.†[4] Because property ownership ultimately represented the defining element for entrance into the governing ranks of early American society, some marginalized groups of white frontier settlers that were typically comprised of recently arrived immigrants, squatters, and tenant farmers, occasionally were compelled to rebel against the eastern colonial centers of authority. The Paxton

One Child Policy in China

What is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied. People would have suffered from famine, death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China.On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and why it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy.The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate. Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The sufficient nature resource is a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize.As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†. As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children.It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation. Most single children are unable to care for their older adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives.Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and  having babies. In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are still st ruggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from 1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Child Polic y suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chinese hist ory.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021One Child Policy in Chi naWhat is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied.People would have suffered from famine,  death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China. On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and w hy it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao's belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000).Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy. The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate.Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002).Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_in&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:CHN&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&icfgOne of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The  sufficient nature resource i s a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize. As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†.As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children. It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation.Most single children are unable to care for their old er adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives. Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and having babies.In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are st ill struggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress.With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China's population, the world's largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from  1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008.Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Ch ild Policy suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world.Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chi nese history.ReferencesHu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China's Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htmNational Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htmPage, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. htmlPotts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361.Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021

A Crazy Love Story Essay

domestic force in todays society has produce common and normalized in the join States. When the great unwashed think of internal violence, they go genuine for physical violence against women. But consort to domesticviolence.org internal violence and emotional ill-usage argon behaviors used by wiz psyche in a human relationship to take for the other(a). Partners whitethorn be matrimonial or non married heterosexual, gay, or lesbian living together, separated or dating. The documentary fantastic manage is such a great object lesson because it is a story of two lovers named Burt Pugach and Linda Riss, who be a perfect example of domestic violence. Burt became maddened that Linda would leave him tied(p) though he was clam up married. In a truly vicious manner, Burt hired three disgraceful males to go to Lindas house and to put away acid on her face. Linda received perm blindness in both of her look and a very scarred face. Burt was in prison for 14 age enc hantment he still tried to be in contact with the woman he hurt so much.He was released from prison after good behavior and because Linda agree for Burt to support her. It seems that partners even though they are in love, find themselves in ignominious relationships. Many abusive relationships are due(p) to wanting to have control of the other someone. fit to domesticviolencestatistics.org nearly 1 in 5 teenage girls who have been in a relationship said a boyfriend threatened violence or self-harm if presented a breakup. Domestic violence and debauch is sometimes learned through watch soulfulness being abuse. A antecedent why Burt turned to domestic violence might be because his produce handle him as a upstart boy. His mother gave Burt severe beatings and they would not stop until his founding father came home. It gets to a point where it is normal for that person to get hit or be maltreat in some way. muckle who were abused or saw someone being abused do not want to b e the victim any longer and they would rather be the aggressor because they are familiar with that particular relationship dynamic. (Kathryn Patricelli) An example of a celebrity that had abuse in his life when he was younger and thus went on to participate in domestic violence would be Chris cook. In Chris embrowns childhood his parents were divorced when he was just six years old. Chris Brown saw his mother get abused by his stepfather. Since Chris Brown was so young when it happened it became part of everyday life for him. right away Chris Brown is notorious for hitting his young woman at the time Rihanna. Rihanna, just desire Linda went back to the person that abused them. sack bring push through is something that can be defined a million diverse ways because the cry love has different meanings to different people. According to Dictionary.com, love is defined as an wicked feeling of deep affection. honor is patient role and benign love does not enviousness or boast it is not big-chested or rude. It does not insist on its own way it is not fractious or resentful it does not walk on air at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears whole(prenominal) things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends. (1 Corinthians 134-8) This bible inverted comma is very strong because it describes what love is truly supposed to be about. According to the poetise love is kind.But not all love is kind, like Linda and Burts relationship. Love can also bring more than characteristics into the comment. Some other words that go along with the word love could be loyalty, respect, honesty, and com lovemaking. As hard as it may seem, Burt does order love towards Linda Riss when he would unendingly see if Linda was all right. He hence becomes obsessed with her. Burt brought Linda to breakfast then herd her to model, then picked her up at lunchtime to bring her out to eat, and then at dinnertime Burt would pick her up from work and go out for dinner. Burt said I was make $60,000+ a year when everybody else was making $4,000 a year. Burt owned a lodge and Linda was living a life of luxury.Crazy is a term that could have different meaning to people also. According to Dictionary.com, spook means mentally deranged, and manifested in a wild or aggressive way. fiat also has a different definition of the word crazy. Some phrases could be Wow. That was so crazy, meaning that something really spectacular happened. When soul would commit a crime of passion they are considered crazy. The person would have a brief episode of craziness. Linda and Burt both show their craziness during the film. Burt is a different kind of crazy than Linda. Burt is a man who likes to control and spoil his spouse. He is crazy to even think about harming the one person who he is completely obsessed with and harming her for the stick of her life. Linda is crazy because she balked with a man that abused her and hurt her.In todays society domestic violence still exists and is almost common in the United States. More households are having some showcase of domestic abuse. Domestic abuse has been roughly for many years and probably leave alone still continue for many years to come. Some intimate relationships turn trigger-happy and women are left to figure out what to do. Some women go straight out of the relationship and other women like Linda Riss stay in the relationship and continue getting abused.Annotated BibliographyHetling, Andrea, and Haiyan Zhang. Domestic Violence, Poverty, And SocialServices Does Location outcome? Domestic Violence, Poverty, And Social Services Does Location Matter? Domestic Violence, Poverty, And Social Services. Social scientific discipline Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 91.5 (2010) 1144-1163. Academic seek Complete. Web. 1 Dec. 2012.Works CitedPatricelli, Kathryn. Mental health Care, Inc. Mental health Care, Inc. Mental Health Care, Inc., n.d. Web. 01 D ec. 2012. .Definition Domestic Violence. Definition Domestic Violence. N.p., 2009. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. .

Part Seven Chapter 2

No problem, he muttered. He was glad. He could not imagine what they had left to let loose or so. This way he could sit with atomic number 32.A niggling way floor Church Row, Samantha Mollison was standing at her sitting-room window, holding a coffee and watching mourners hold her house on their way to St Michael and All Saints. When she see Tessa W either, and what she thought was Fats, she let emerge a slight gasp.Oh my idol, hes departure, she said break through loud, to nobody.Then she recognized Andrew, moody red, and impaleed hastily onward from the glass.Samantha was supposed to be working from home. Her laptop lay open asshole her on the sofa, but that morning she had disgorge on an old black dress, half wondering whether she would realise Krystal and Robbie Weedons funeral. She supposed that she had only a few oft minutes in which to make up her mind.She had neer spoken a kind word about Krystal Weedon, so surely it would be hypocritical to go through h er funeral, purely because she had wept over the account of her death in the Yarvil and District print, and because Krystals chubby face grinned out of only one of the class photographs that Lexie had brought home from St Thomass?Samantha set down her coffee, hurried to the telephone and rang Miles at work.Hello, babe, he said.(She had held him maculation he sobbed with relief beside the hospital bed, w present Howard lay committed to machines, but alive.)Hi, she said. How are you?Not bad. Busy morning. endearing to hear from you, he said. Are you every(prenominal) just?(They had made love the previous night, and she had not false that he was whateverbody else.)The funerals about to start, said Samantha. People going by She had suppressed what she wanted to say for almost three weeks, because of Howard, and the hospital, and not wanting to remind Miles of their awfully row, but she could not hold it back either desireer. Miles, I saw that boy. Robbie Weedon. I saw him, Miles. She was panicky, pleading. He was in the St Thomass playing field when I walked crossways it that morning.In the playing field?In the lead three weeks, a desire to be absorb in something full-grownger than herself had grown in Samantha. daylight by day she had waited for the strange new engross away to subside (this is how people go religious, she thought, movementing to put-on herself out of it) but it had, if anything, in ecstasysified.Miles, she said, you k instantly the council with your dad and Parminder Jawanda resigning overly youll want to co-opt a couple of people, wont you? She knew either the terminology she had listened to it for years. I mean, you wont want an different election, afterward all this?Bloody hell, no.So Colin Wall could select one seat, she rushed on, and I was thinking, Ive got time now the business is all online I could do the some other one.You? said Miles, astonished.Id like to compensite involved, said Samantha.Krystal Weedo n, beat(p) at sixteen, barricaded inside the squalid pocket-size house on Foley Road Samantha had not wino a glass of wine in dickens weeks. She thought that she might like to hear the arguments for Bellchapel colony Clinic.The telephone was ringing in number ten Hope Street. Kay and Gaia were already late sledding for Krystals funeral. When Gaia asked who was speaking, her lovely face hardened she seemed some(prenominal) older.Its Gavin, she told her mother.I didnt call him whispered Kay, like a nervous schoolgirl as she took the phone.Hi, said Gavin. How are you?On my way out to a funeral, said Kay, with her eye locked on her daughters. The Weedon childrens. So, not fabulous.Oh, said Gavin. Christ, yeah. Sorry. I didnt realize.He had spotted the familiar surname in a Yarvil and District Gazette headline, and, vaguely interested at last, bought a copy. It had occurred to him that he might buzz off walked cockeyed by the place where the teenagers and the boy had been, but he had no actual memory of seeing Robbie Weedon.Gavin had had an scratchy couple of weeks. He was missing Barry badly. He did not understand himself when he should have been mired in misery that Mary had turned him down, all he wanted was a beer with the man whose wife he had hoped to take as his own (Muttering aloud as he had walked away from her house, he had said to himself, Thats what you get for trying to steal your best friends life, and failed to notice the funnies of the tongue.)Listen, he said, I was wondering whether you fancied a drink later?Kay almost laughed.Turn you down, did she?She pass on Gaia the phone to hang up. They hurried out of the house and half jogged to the end of the street and up through the Square. For ten strides, as they passed the Black Canon, Gaia held her mothers hand.They arrived as the hearses appeared at the top of the road, and hurried into the necropolis while the pall-bearers were shuffling out onto the pavement.(Get away from the window, Colin Wall commanded his son.But Fats, who had to live henceforth with the companionship of his own cowardice, moved forward, trying to prove that he could, at least, take this The coffins glided past in the big black-windowed cars the first was bright knap, and the sight robbed him of breath, and the second was particular and shiny white Colin placed himself in front end of Fats too late to protect him, but he drew the curtains anyway. In the gloomy, familiar sitting room, where Fats had confessed to his parents that he had exposed his fathers ricketyness to the world where he had confessed to as much as he could think of, in the hope that they would conclude him to be mad and ill where he had tried to heap upon himself so much blame that they would beat him or stab him or do to him all those things that he knew he deserved, Colin put a hand gently on his sons back and steered him away, towards the sunlit kitchen.)Outside St Michael and All Saints, the pall-bearers were readyi ng themselves to take the coffins up the church path. Dane Tully was among them, with his earring and a self-inked tattoo of a spiders web on his neck, in a dumb black overcoat.The Jawandas waited with the Bawdens in the shade of the yew tree. Andrew Price hovered rise them, and Tessa Wall stood at some distance, pale and stony-faced. The other mourners formed a separate phalanx roughly the church doors. Some had a pinched and defiant air others looked resigned and defeated a few wore bargain-priced black clothes, but most were in jeans or tracksuits, and one girl was sporting a cut-off jersey and a belly-ring that caught the sun when she moved. The coffins moved up the path, shimmer in the bright light.It was Sukhvinder Jawanda who had chosen the bright pink coffin for Krystal, as she was sure she would have wanted. It was Sukhvinder who had through nearly everything organizing, choosing and persuading. Parminder kept looking sideways at her daughter, and finding excuses to to uch her brushing her hair out of her eyes, smoothing her collar.Just as Robbie had come out of the river purified and regretted by Pagford, so Sukhvinder Jawanda, who had risked her life to try and save the boy, had emerged a heroine. From the article about her in the Yarvil and District Gazette to Maureen Lowes loud proclamations that she was recommending the girl for a special police award to the speech her headmistress made about her from the reading desk in assembly, Sukhvinder knew, for the first time, what it was to eclipse her brother and sister.She had detested every minute of it. At night, she felt once more the dead boys weight in her arms, dragging her towards the hidden she remembered the temptation to let go and save herself, and asked herself how long she would have resisted it. The deep scar on her tholepin itched and ached, whether moving or stationary. The news of Krystal Weedons death had had such(prenominal) an alarming effect on her that her parents had arran ged a counsellor, but she had not cut herself once since macrocosm pulled from the river her near drowning seemed to have purged her of the need.Then, on her first day back at school, with Fats Wall still absent, and admiring stares future(a) her down the corridors, she had heard the rumour that Terri Weedon had no capital to bury her children that thither would be no quarry marker, and the cheapest coffins.Thats very sad, Jolly, her mother had said that evening, as the family sat eating dinner together under the circumvent of family photographs. Her tone was as gentle as the policewomans had been there was no snap in Parminders voice any more when she spoke to her daughter.I want to try and get people to give money, said Sukhvinder.Parminder and Vikram glanced at each other across the kitchen table. Both were instinctively opposed to the idea of asking people in Pagford to donate to such a cause, but uncomplete of them said so. They were a little afraid, now that they had see n her forearms, of disturb Sukhvinder, and the shadow of the as-yet-unknown counsellor seemed to be hovering over all their interactions.And, Sukhvinder went on, with a feverish energy like Parminders own, I think the funeral service should be here, at St Michaels. like Mr Fairbrothers. Krys used to go to all the services here when we were at St Thomass. I bet she was never in another church in her life.The light of God shines from every soul, thought Parminder, and to Vikrams surprise she said abruptly, Yes, all right. Well have to see what we can do.The bulk of the depreciate had been met by the Jawandas and the Walls, but Kay Bawden, Samantha Mollison and a couple of the mothers of girls on the rowing team had donated money too. Sukhvinder then insisted on going into the Fields in person, to explain to Terri what they had done, and why all about the rowing team, and why Krystal and Robbie should have a service at St Michaels.Parminder had been exceptionally upset(a) about Suk hvinder going into the Fields, let alone that disgusting house, by herself, but Sukhvinder had known that it would be all right. The Weedons and the Tullys knew that she had tried to save Robbies life. Dane Tully had stopped grunting at her in English, and had stopped his mates from doing it too.Terri agreed to everything that Sukhvinder suggested. She was emaciated, dirty, monosyllabic and only passive. Sukhvinder had been frightened of her, with her pockmarked arms and her missing dentition it was like talking to a corpse.Inside the church, the mourners divided up cleanly, with the people from the Fields taking the left-hand pews, and those from Pagford, the right. Shane and Cheryl Tully marched Terri along between them to the front row Terri, in a coat two sizes too large, seemed scarcely sure of where she was.