Napoleon Bonaparte His Successes and Failures

This paper is planned for talking about Napoleon Bonaparte who can be viewed as one of the most huge figures throughout the entire existence of the nineteenth century. He was the military and political pioneer of France during the period somewhere in the range of 1799 and 1815.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Napoleon Bonaparte: His Successes and Failures explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More His standard created some drawn out impacts inside and outside France. Specifically, one can talk about different changes in the association of numerous armed forces, change of national organizations, and sensational segment misfortunes in different nations. His activities show that the nineteenth century was a time of critical social and political changes which made numerous country states progressively arranged to the requirements of individuals. One can say that Napoleon’s counterparts may have various perspectives toward him. For example, his polit ical rivals accepted that he had been the dictator who usurped the force against the desire of general society. Somewhat, their allegations are very legitimized in light of the fact that Napoleon ousted the Directory and declared himself as the First Consul in 1799. In any case, his political force was for all intents and purposes boundless. Afterward, he asserted the title of a head, and along these lines, he sabotaged the consequences of the French Revolution. By the by, his supporters viewed him as an unmatched military virtuoso who changed the French Army into probably the best one on the planet. Over the span of his profession, Napoleon accomplished in excess of forty triumphs. In addition, way to deal with fighting was inventive, and it was imitated by other military commanders.Advertising Looking for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is conceivable to talk around a few significant accomplishment an d heritages of Napoleon. Above all else, much consideration ought to be paid to the appropriation of Napoleonic Code which molded the enactment of numerous districts as France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Spain, and other European states. By and large, the reception improved the working of courts and law implementation organizations. It is conceivable to state that this inheritance was unmistakable all through the nineteenth century. Besides, it is essential to underscore the adjustments in the military association, for example, the sped up enrollment and the broad utilization of gunnery. Be that as it may, one ought not disregard the negative inheritances of Napoleon. For example, students of history note that during the Napoleonic Wars, France lost around 1.4 million individuals. These military showdowns created shocking segment consequences for different nations, for example, Austria or Russia. Positively, Napoleon isn't the main individual who can be accused for these military clas hes; be that as it may, Napoleon could without much of a stretch acknowledge the need to forfeit a huge number of individuals so as to accomplish some political or military objectives. Besides, one ought not disregard the antagonistic financial effects of his standard. For example, Napoleon’s wars with Great Britain kept France from taking an interest in abroad exchange. Also, French makers couldn't gain admittance to numerous crude materials.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Napoleon Bonaparte: His Successes and Failures explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern students of history perceive Napoleon’s military triumphs and his job in improving crafted by numerous administrations. In any case, they perceive that his wars destroyed a huge number of lives. By and large, it is critical to talk about the political elements that molded his vocation. Specifically, one can make reference to the French Revolution which empowered him to asce nd through military positions. Much consideration ought to be paid to such the military encounters with the traditionalists, for example, the Siege of Toulon or the guard of Tuileries Palace. The political and social changes, which overwhelmed France in the eighteenth century, allowed Napoleon a chance to show his military ability and assurance. This conversation shows that Napoleon had the option to change the political scene of the nineteenth-century Europe. By endeavoring to make a worldwide domain, he changed the political systems in different nations and presented enactment which improved the working of administrations. In any case, his military triumphs delivered calamitous segment impacts in numerous nations. This article on Napoleon Bonaparte: His Successes and Failures was composed and put together by client Hayleigh S. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Discuss the assoiated risks and benefits fo this context Essay

Talk about the assoiated dangers and advantages fo this unique circumstance - Essay Example This application permitted the sending and getting of computerized messages through a PC arrange. Every long range interpersonal communication site offers one of a kind highlights. The long range informal communication idea didn't get famous until the year 2003 when person to person communication sites like Friendster, LinkedIn and MySpace were propelled. In the year 2004, Facebook was propelled yet with specific limitations. Facebook was open just to the undergrads until the year 2006 (Shih 2009). These social networks are based on the highlights of Web 2.0 innovation; a stage for social site which permits gathering of web applications to give ideological and mechanical premise to long range interpersonal communication sites and permits the web to trade and structure the client produced content. Long range interpersonal communication sites are extremely useful and furthermore help in discovering areas of shops, eateries, colleges, banks and so on. These sites encourage interchanges among companions and family members and help in improving the innovativeness abilities of a person by imparting insights, stories, pictures and music. Person to person communication sites have profited adolescents, youth, younger students and the business ventures. It has changed the procedure of correspondence. Person to person communication sites has gotten exceptionally portable and can be gotten to through devices like phones, tablets and so on. The utilization of informal communication sites expanded with the development of devices. Access of these sites from the PDA opens the maximum capacity of interpersonal organization and makes it increasingly helpful for individuals to utilize them. Since it is progressively helpful to access through PDAs and different devices, the quantity of clients of PDAs and long range interpersonal communication has expanded altogether. Let us talk about the advantages related with the utilization of interpersonal interaction sites: 1. The long range informal communication sites helps in sharing of information and spreading of data more than some other

Americas Debt and Budget Deficit

Americas Debt and Budget Deficit Americas Debt and Budget Deficit Home›Economics Posts›Americas Debt and Budget Deficit Economics PostsIntroductionThe American debt and budget deficit problems have been on the increase for several years now. In 1992, the national debt stood at $4 trillion, which represented a 64% of the annual Gross Domestic Product. Over the next eight years, the debt was managed and reduced to 56% of the budget. However, it has swollen since then. The current American debt as at today stands at 14,350,296,997,143, which is slightly above 100% of the annual Gross Domestic Product. America has an estimated population of 310,677, 986 which means that every citizen in America shares $ 46,190.17 of the public debt. The means that the national debt continues to grow averagely at $ 3.98 billions per day since 2007.It is predicted that the deficit will continue to grow over the next few years with estimates being $50 trillion by 2030. This represents 140% of the Annual Gross Domestic Product. As the debt ratios continue to rise, the creditors will continue demanding higher interests rates to finance the debt. This, in turn, means that the deficit will continue to get larger and larger, which will force the United States to default its payment. In the light of these facts, I hold that Americas debt is growing to be unmanageable and that it is unsustainable.AnalysisCauses of the increase in the American’s debt.To be able to understand what causes the uprising American debt, it is important to understand what the composition of the debt. The national debt is the amount of money the federal government owes to the public and other agencies. The federal deficit can also be used to explain the national debt, where the expenditure of the states exceeds the revenues. The national comprises of all the debts throughout the history of America plus the interests due from such debts. The state owes the Federal Reserve about forty percent of the total debt, while the remaining amount is owe d to individuals, corporations and foreign governments. This situation is deteriorating by day as the crisis facing the world markets today demand more future borrowing; this means that the debt will continue to grow at a greater rate than the economy (Fink High 18).Knowledge and awareness of the national debt and budget deficit is very crucial for various reasons. One, the national debt is very expensive; the cost of borrowing of these funds is very high. Currently America appends over 900 billion each year in interest payment alone. Secondly, the big national debts cripple the development of the economy. The money given by the public as a loan to finance public social programs would have been used in most productive economic activities. Thirdly, increasing debts means that the government is relying heavily on foreign debts in paying its bills. The gives the individual foreign countries like China and Japan leverage in negotiations with America.Such leverage maybe harmful to the s trategic and competitive interests of America.  Fourthly, the over-reliance on public debt sends signals to market that America has become a risky borrower. This way, the buyers of the bonds will start demanding greater interest rates, to compensate them, in the event that the principal loan is not paid. The other concern facing increased national debt is inflation. For the government to manage the debt, it may cut on expenditure of increase or apply both mechanisms (Konigsberg 94). These policies are not very popular, and the government may result in monetising the debt. The government prints new money to repay the debt. This will result in high levels of inflations, which will affect the value of the dollar.America has had debts since its inception. These debts have continued to accumulate making it so large today. Over the years that American government cut down on taxes and increased its public spending resulting to a more increase in the public debts. The economy and the holde rs of the debt benefit in the short term. The holders enjoy high interest rates to compensate the risks that they will not be paid in the long run. The economy, on the other hand, benefits in the sense that there are funds available for spending. However, this loan and the interest rates on the loans becomes a burden as the government will have to repay the debt eventually (Harrison Dye 101).One of the causes of the increasing debt levels is through budget deficits. This happens when the government exceeds expenses over the revenues it collects from taxes and other revenues over a one year period of time. Each annual deficit is added back to the accumulated debts. When this happens, the government issues debt to cover up the difference. The debt comes in the form of bonds where individuals, corporations and the Federal Reserve buy. The government also loans itself some money through The Social Security Trust Fund. The result of this is increasing the national debt levels.The second cause of increase in the national debt is the increased government expenditure in social programs. This represents the amount of money the government puts aside for public expenditure. This spending is financed either by taxation or by borrowing. CBO projects that public expenditure will double in the next few years to account for over 40% of the GDP. This means that the government will require additional funds. More funds can only be made available through increased taxation or borrowing. This will cripple the American economy and destroy its international competitiveness.The other cause of the increasing debt in America is the Afghan and the Iraq wars. The two wars are estimated to cost the government $ 2.4 to $ 3.5 trillion. The CBO estimates that the war will cost $ 2.4 trillion by the time the war is expected to end by 2017. The democrats on the JEC (Joint Economic Committee) estimate that the war will cost 3.5 billion. This has a very great impact on the national debt. There is no doubt that the war increased the national debt substantially. For the first time, United States cut taxes as it started this war. This meant that the war was fully funded through borrowing.The government has been issuing bonds to be able to finance the war. It has also issued credit cards to China and other foreign buyers to be able to finance the costs of the war. The US debt increased from 6.4 trillion in 2003 to 10 trillion in 2008; a quarter of which is directly attributable to the war. This is exclusive of the future health costs for the disabled veterans of the war, which is likely to add an extra half a trillion to the debt. This is accompanied by very high interest rates; the interest factor comprises of almost 70% of the total amounts borrowed by the government, which continues to increase the national debt immensely. This makes the levels of the debt to be unmanageable and unsustainable. More debts continue to accumulate on every citizen without clear ways on how the debts will be paid. Critics of the war argue that the costs amounting from the war will continue to be passed on the coming generations, who had little to do with the start of the war. However, they have to pay for the debts borrowed today (Bardes 87).The other cause of the ever increasing national debt is the increased expenditure on healthcare, especially Medicaid and Medicare. Medicare is an insurance program for the elderly people aged from 65 years old. Taxpayers cover this insurance, which is usually branded as the health insurance for the poor. Medicare and Medicaid take up to 19% of the federal budget. The government also subsidises the costs of efficient and effective medicines to make them affordable to the poor. The effect of these policies is that they encourage early retirement and fewer saving on medical expenses. In addition, it encourages the over-utilisation of the health facilities. The extra demand resulting from this insurance forces the government to dedicate m ore resources to the health care. This has resulted in increased costs of healthcare. In the face of increased economic hardships, the government seeks foreign funds to take care of the health care. This, in turn, continues to swell the national debt to unmanageable levels.SolutionsTo be able to control the rise in the national debt and budget deficit, the government will have to increase the taxation levels or reduce on public expenditure. As the national debts increases, so does the interest rates payable on these loans. To be able to pay these interest rates, the government and the policy makers will have to increase the amount of taxes charged on people’s incomes. The extra revenues from the taxes would be used to repay the interests rates. However, economists argue that this is not a good way of managing the debts. This is because as more taxes are charged, people get discouraged to work and save resulting in decreased incomes and output. This will make the situation worse. T his is also opposed by the politicians, who fight for the rights of the citizens.To avoid the taxation problem, the government can embark on disinvestment policy, which entails reducing on its public spending, this way; the savings from the reduced funding will be used to pay the debts. This will entail some sacrifices by citizens so that in the future, the debt will be lower. The Keynesian economists hold that this is not a very good for the economy. This is because, when the government reduces spending, so does investments and consumption. This can only be applicable when the economy is near full employment. However, the current expenditure is greater than amounts necessary to maintain and support equitable citizens and an efficient financial system. The government should, therefore, cut on the current expenditure to repay the public debt and avoid it from increasing above the already high limits (Miron 78).The other solution to the national debt problem would be establishing a co nsolidated sinking fund, basically meant to repay the debts. This fund will enable the government to repay the debts instead of issuing new bonds to repay the existing debts. Normally, governments take up debts to repay the due loans. This means that there is a continuous vicious cycle where a debt is repaid using another debt, which means that in, essence, the debt was never paid. The consolidated fund will help to break this vicious cycle.ConclusionThe American debt has been increasing at an alarming rate in the last one decade. There are reasons why the amounts of the debt are going up so fast. First, the ongoing Iraq and Afghan wars are costing the government a lot of money, and thus the government is forced to take more debts to be able to finance the costs. An increase in public spending is another cause for increased debts and budget deficits. The spending is projected to double in the near future. However, these services do not bring in revenues, and so the government have t o seek other sources of finance to finance the debt. The government can raise funds through taxation or through borrowing. Since taxation is not popular with both the politicians and voters, then form of raising funds left is through borrowing, this continues to swell the national debts beyond manageable and sustainable levels (Baumol Blinder 64).The national debts and deficits have very great impacts on the economy of the United States of America. In the short run, the debts results in increased economic growth especially during recessions. Despite this, the long run effects of the debts are quite destructive to the economy. One of the harmful effects is the higher interests to be paid for such loans. This will reduce the amount of money available for the government to invest. Secondly, the American government may fall into the temptation of allowing the dollar value to fall, so it will be cheaper to pay the debts. In this case, foreign investors become reluctant in purchasing the US bonds pushing the interest rates much higher.Quick measures need to be taken to manage the current national debt and budget deficit conditions. However, any abrupt stop borrowing will push the value of the dollar down, push interest rates and inflation up, which would have a more harsh impact on the economy of America and the world at large. For this reason, the government needs to take swift measures to be able to manage the situation. First, the government can increase taxation levels on individuals and corporations. This will avail more revenues to repay the debt. Moreover, the government can cut on its public spending, so that the saved amounts of money can be used to repay the debt. The last option would be establishing a consolidated sinking fund, which will help to break the vicious cycle of borrowing. These measures will help to improve and reduce the national debt levels into manageable and sustainable levels.

Financial Statement Analysis Project- Liz Clairborne Inc...

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS PROJECT LIZ CLAIRBORNE INC AND JONES APPAREL GROUP TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION - 1 - II. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS OF JONES APPAREL GROUP - 2 - III. SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGE INCREASES - 3 - IV. FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS - 5 - 1. Current Ratio - 5 - 2. Gross Margin Percentage - 6 - 3. Profit Margin Percentage - 6 - 4. Accounts Receivable Turnover and Days to Collect - 7 - 5. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to Accounts Receivable - 8 - 6. Inventory Turnover Days to Sell - 8 - 7. Return on Equity - 9 - 8. Return on Assets - 10 - 9. Debt to Equity - 10 - 10. Times Interest Earned - 11 - V. INVENTORY COST FLOW - 12 - VI. DEPRECIATION METHODS - 12 - VII. LIABILITIES - 12 -†¦show more content†¦it |1176.2 |1239.4 |-63.2 |-5.10% | |Selling, general and administrative expenses |1069.2 |1100.4 |-31.2 |-2.84% | |Loss on sale of Polo Jeans Company business |0 |0 |0 |0.00% | |Trademark impairments |25.2 |88 |-62.8 |-71.36% | |Goodwill impairment |813.2 |78 |735.2 |942.56% | |Operating loss |-731.4 |-27 |-704.4 |2608.89% | |Interest income |7.5 |3.7 |3.8 |102.70% | |Interest expense and financing costs |49.1 |51.5 |-2.4 |-4.66% | |Gain on sale of stock in Rubicon Retail Limited |/ |/ |/ |/ | |Gain on sale of interest in Australian joint venture |0.8 |8.2

Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay - 1252 Words

Khaled Hosseini’s Kite Runner is a historical fiction depicting the grim reality of Afghanistan, the Soviet Union’s invasion of 1979, and those affected by the events. Hosseini provides a vivid rendition of turmoil in Afghanistan by telling the tale of the protagonist, Amir, and his struggles throughout his life. The events of the novel force Amir to flee war in Afghanistan and find safety in America. Eventually, however, Amir must return to Taliban-controlled Afghanistan in order to find redemption for his dark past. His return culminates into a run-in with members of the Taliban as he attempts to free Assef, a character that will ultimately lead Amir to complete atonement. Amir engages in a physical confrontation with the Taliban members and, although he is successful in his fight, the injuries he sustains are life-threatening. An orbital fracture, a split upper lip, a punctured lung, a few broken ribs, a ruptured spleen, and broken jaw. Amir’s injuries, however, represent more than the fight for Assef’s freedom; these injuries symbolize Amir’s negative past with his father, Baba, his childhood friend, Hassan, and himself and prove the necessity of both physical and mental healing. The smallest reminders of Amir’s past are his split upper lip and orbital fracture. Amir’s lip is split â€Å"clean down the middle†¦ like a harelip† (297) as he leaves his fight with members of the Taliban. This split serves as a physical connection between Amir and his childhood friend,Show MoreRelatedKhaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner1679 Words   |  7 Pages Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, on March 4th 1965. Hosseini s homeland was the inspiration for his novel, The Kite Runner, which gave his readers a taste of what Afghanistan was before the brutal invasions of the Taliban. He spent his early childhood living in Tehran, Iran, where he befriended his family s cook. The unexpected frien dship between a young Afghan and a member of the Hazara ethnic group exposed Hosseini to the acts of injustice against minority groups in AfghanistanRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1256 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel, ‘The Kite Runner’, by Khaled Hosseini, occur where authority has been mistaken for enormity. Baba s expectations out of Amir and his tactics of dominance towards making Amir into someone he desires, is the power, mistook as magnitude. Also, the element that baba was sexually convoluted with Ali s wife, but had the capacity to keep it concealed and buried for long, is the power, of power. Furthermore, how Amir takes advantage of him being superior in terms of society s perception, overRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesWith No Name (Yet) â€Å"As long as there is love and memory, there is no true death† (Cassandra Clare, Lady Midnight). In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, this quote is proven to be true through the character of Hassan. Hassan s character and memory are kept alive through both the physicality and actions of his son, Sohrab, and his best friend and half-brother, Amir. Hosseini describes Hassan as having a perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broadRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1019 Words   |  5 Pagesknows just how hard it is to forgive yourself in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. When Amir makes the decision to not speak up about Hassan he felt so much guilt that he wanted Hassan and Ali to leave, he regretted it instantly. Years later, Rahim khan called Amir and asked him to come back to Afghanistan where he found out Hassan was his half-brother. Amir finally forgave himself when he found a way to make up for his mistakes. Hosseini portrays Amir as a morally ambiguous character by his guiltRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 2073 Words   |  9 Pagesexchanged cute heart necklaces or pendants or carved your names into a tree. In Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner, two kids, Amir, and Hassan seem to have a strong friendship, represented in their names carved into a pomegranate tree. However, Amir reveals weakness in their friendship when he betrays Hassan by not intervening when the town bully, Assef, sexually assaults Hassan. In Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Carol S. Dweck describes two types of mindsets. One is the fixed mindset, which isRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1076 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare’s famous â€Å"to be or not to be?† enters the mind. In the case of The Kite Runner, readers examine a similar question: to betray or not to betray? In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, different characters choose to either engage in or avoid betrayal due to personal motives, subsequently influencing their future. Sanaubar, Hassan’s mother, holds intense motivations to betray those closest to her. Hosseini reveals Sanaubar’s infidelity in a conversation between Rahim Khan and Amir, statingRead MoreReview Of Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesI was on a plane when I finished reading Khaled Hosseini’s Kite Runner, but my public surroundings didn’t deter me from crying as I would have, snuggled under the covers in my bed. This book transported me to another world, with atrocities that I could never have imagined; and the worst part was that it is based on history. Literature like this has the power to convey themes and ideas through the stories and actions of characters. In his book How to Read Literature like a Professor, Thomas FosterRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 966 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 2015 Like Father Like Son Khaled Hosseini, the author of The Kite Runner, uses irony repeatedly throughout the novel. Amir, the protagonist faces the unintended consequences from his actions. These situations are often ironic as they are the complete opposite of what Amir intended to do. Through the use of irony, Khaled Hosseini reveals the hidden similarities between fathers and sons, thus creating more emotion, value, and meaning to the novel. On the day of the kite tournament, Amir hopes bringingRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1230 Words   |  5 PagesHaunting Desires In Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner, father son relationships, specifically that of Amir and Baba, contribute to the development of the plot as well as the development of the characters involved. It is evident throughout the novel that Amir’s sole desire is to obtain Baba’s love and acceptance. However, this desire ultimately motivates him to enact rash decisions that will haunt him in the future. What Amir does not know is that Baba is also secretly the father of HassanRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1516 Words   |  7 PagesAdrian Zialcita Mrs. Sheffield English 1A 10/30/15 All for One and None for All According to Merriam Webster, being selfish is â€Å"to have or show concern for only yourself and not for the needs or feelings of other people.† In Khaled Hosseini’s book, The Kite Runner, the character Amir goes through numerous hardships throughout the story. To overcome those challenges, he performs acts that directly caused harm to the other characters in the book. Most of the time, the struggles that Amir passes

Mcq International Payments Free Essays

1. In the case of a â€Å"sight draft† A. the draft acceptance is after the shipment of goods B. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcq International Payments or any similar topic only for you Order Now the draft is presented to the buyer for acceptance when the shipment has been made C. the risk for the importer consists in the disposal of the unpaid goods D. the goods are available to the buyer before payment 2. It is not a bank draft A. promissory note B. checks C. money orders D. bill of exchange E. documentary collections 3. B/E represents: A. unconditional order in writing to pay a specified amount of money to a specified person or to the bearer, upon presentation of the bill at a specified future date B. n order given to the bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account against the presented bill C. an order given by a person to its bank in order to pay a specific amount directly in the beneficiary’s account D. a written promise to pay a determinate sum of money made between two parties 4. This is not a benefit for the importer when he use a payment based on the letter of credit: A. reliance on issuing bank’s credit rather than buyer’s B. documentary evidence that the ordered goods have been shipped on time C. payment deferred until goods are shipped and documents presented D. ssurance that necessary clearance documents will be provided 5. A clean L/C means that: A. the L/C can not be revoked without the specific permission of all parties involved, including the exporter B. the L/C is issued by a bank and confirmed by another, obligating both banks to honor drafts drawn in compliance C. the place where the payment is realized by the exporter bank D. the documents are presented without other additional documents or notifications 6. In the case of open account payment A. the goods available to buyers before payment B. the risk belongs to the importer C. the goods are shipped to a buyer with a strong guarantee of payment D. the goods are available to buyers after payment 7. â€Å"Consignment† means that: A. the exporter retains actual title to the goods that are shipped to the importer B. an order given to a bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account C. the goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller D. the goods are shipped to a buyer without guarantee of payment 8. The chief advantage in case of advance payment is: A. no credit extension required B. apital tied up until sales; must establish distributor’s creditworthiness need political risk insurance in some countries; increased risk from currency controls C. if customer does not or cannot accept goods, goods remain at port of entry and no payment is due D. lowers customer resistance by allowing extended payment after receipt of goods 9. The difference between a P-note and B/E consists on: A. the amount of money is well determined B. the maker of a P-note to personally pay the payee rather than ordering a third party to do so C. the P-note is more secure than a B/E D. he issuer of a P-note is the exporter 10. The highest risk is in case of: A. sight draft B. time draft C. cash in advance D. revocable L/C E. open account 11. International payments A. require common payment procedures B. are always guaranteed by a different bank C. are less risky D. are more complex than local payments 12. Open account payments mean that: A. the exporter retains actual title to the goods that are shipped to the importer B. the goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller C. the goods are shipped to a buyer without guarantee of payment D. n order given to a bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account 13. In the case of a letter of credit this is not an advantage for the exporter A. Reliance on issuing bank’s credit rather than buyer’ s B. Payment protection C. Rapid, local source of repayment, if payable at a local bank D. Payment deferred until goods are shipped and documents presented (use of funds) 14. â€Å"Check† means that A. the exporter retains actual title to the goods that are shipped to the importer B. the goods are shipped to a buyer without guarantee of payment C. n order given to a bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account D. the goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller 15. This is not a problem when we pay using a letter of credit A. Stipulations concerning freight cost are unacceptable B. Price is insufficient due to Interest Rate C. Unexpected quantity of product D. Description of product insufficient or too detailed E. Shipping schedule is not met 16. The Red-Clause Letter of Credit it is used when A. the exporter, as beneficiary, offers its credit as security in order to finance the opening of a second credit B. beneficiary has the right to instruct the paying bank to make credit available to one or more secondary beneficiaries C. the bank on whom the draft is drawn commits to pay the face amount at maturity by stamping â€Å"Accepted† across the draft D. in case of an advance payment in favor of an exporter 17. The lowest risk is in case of A. cash in advance B. open account C. sight draft D. revocable letter of credit E. time draft 18. In the case of Documents against Acceptance A. the bank issues a commitment for a stated time period to pay a beneficiary a stated amount of money B. he buyer may only receives the title and other documents after paying for the goods C. the buyer signs a time draft for payment at a later date D. the buyer may receive the title and other documents after signing a time draft promising to pay at a later date 19. In international payments are not used A. payment instruments B. non – cash payments C. cash payments D. balanced payments E. payment techniques 20. Stand-by Letter of Credit is used A. shipping schedule is not met B. stipulations concerning freight cost are unacceptable C. when the export price is insufficient due to FX rate changes D. nly if the importer didn’t fulfill it’s obligations E. only if the exporter didn’t fulfill it’s obligations 21. â€Å"Cash in advance† means that A. the goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller B. the exporter retains actual title to the goods that are shipped to the importer C. an order given to a bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account D. the goods are shipped to a buyer without guarantee of payment 22. In the case of Documents against Payment A. the bank issues a commitment for a stated time period to pay a beneficiary a stated amount of money B. he buyer may receive the title and other documents after signing a time draft promising to pay at a later date C. the buyer may only receives the titl e and other documents after paying for the goods D. the buyer signs a time draft for payment at a later date 23. â€Å"Money order† represents A. is a written promise to pay a determinate sum of money made between two parties B. an order given to a bank in order to pay a specific amount to a person from the company current account C. an order given by a person to its bank in order to pay a specific amount directly in the beneficiary’s account D. nconditional order in writing to pay a specified amount of money to a specified person or to the bearer, upon presentation of the bill or at a specified future date 24. It is not a document required in case of a letter of credit A. Bills of Lading B. Income statement C. Commercial Invoice D. Packing List E. Certificate of Origin 25. In the case of a â€Å"time draft† A. the goods are available to the buyer after payment B. the draft is accepted by buyer in the delivery moment of goods C. the time of payment is after the maturity of draft D. the draft acceptance is after the shipment of goods How to cite Mcq International Payments, Papers

Criminal Law Concept of Intersectionality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Criminal Law Concept of Intersectionality. Answer: Concept of Intersectionality Intersectionality is a sociological theory about how an individual faces multiple threats of discrimination under circumstance when their identities have common characteristics with minority of classes like gender, race, age, health, ethnicity and other characteristics. It is a feminist theory that commences from the premise that people live layered and multiple identities that is derive from history, social relations and the operation of power structure (Nowacki 2017). There are people who belong to several communities that are different from each other and they simultaneously experience privilege and oppression. For instance, a woman may be subjected to domestic violence yet be respected by medical professional. Intersectional analysis aims at addressing issues related to patriarchy, racism, class oppression and other discriminating systems leads to inequalities that forms the relative position of women. It considers social, political and historical contexts and recognizes distinct ive experience faced by the individuals resulting from various forms of identity (Paik 2017). Criminal Justice Contract of different populations The phrase culturally appropriate is usually used to define efforts made by institutions to communicate with a specific population by considering the cultural knowledge possessed by such specific population. The phrase in the context of criminal justice, refers to the following essential elements: it deals with the growing familiarity with the cultural knowledge and perspectives of certain populations; it further recognizes the blind spots of Western Culture; In the absence of inadequate power, culture is often perceived as neutral, thereby allowing the oppression system such as homophobia, sexism, ageism, racism that initially motivates the need for cultural competence to wane into the background. Aboriginals and Indigenous people Intersectionality emphasizes on particular policies, laws and processes that have an adverse impact on the life experiences of people with respect to disadvantage and identity. The policy makers often disregard the needs and circumstances of the Aboriginal women, which may have an adverse impact upon the communities and families of the indigenous people. In case of Royal Commission was established in 1989 subsequent to the deaths of 99 aboriginal people in prisons or in police custody between 1 Jan 1980 and 31 May 1989. Custodial deaths of aboriginals in large proportions, which often equals to the entire population, which is completely unacceptable and intolerable, had it taken place in the non-aboriginal community. This is because of over presentation of Aboriginal population in the custody as at the time of arrest, several aboriginals are arrested together. This issue is responded through the Aboriginal Justice Agreements that aims at recognizing the impact of the Aboriginals when they are dispossessed of their traditional lands and when they are taken apart from children or families. It identifies the devastating consequences that are faced by the aboriginals. The Victorias Aboriginal Justice Agreements enable the aboriginals to have easy access to mainstream services and such services shall consider the needs of the Koori Community. It further provides early intervention techniques and provides measures for preventing crime. Cognitive Impairments and Mental illness An intellectual disability refers to significant restrictions of a persons adaptive behavior and intellectual functioning. A mental illness is a health problem that affects how a person interacts and behaves with other people. A mental health problem also intervenes with the behavior and thoughts of a person but to an extent lesser than mental illness used as a reaction to the stress experienced by such persons. People suffering from cognitive impairments and/or mental illness commit minor offence such as the shoplifting, nuisances, trespassing at a higher rate than the normal people who are not suffering from mental illness or mental health problem. The people who suffers from disability are often denied accommodation programs and specialist support at the time when they are considered unfit to respond to criminal charges with which they are charged. On the contrary, they are detained in psychiatric facilities or in prisons for indefinite period irrespective of te fact whether they have actually committed a crime or not. Aboriginal women As discussed above that there is overrepresentation of aboriginal people in the prison system of Australia. It is a well-known fact that police usually target people who are considered as usual suspects in everyday street encounters for petty offences, which also include women. While the aboriginal women make up approximately 3 percent of the total female population in Australia, a considerable portion of women population are incarcerated in Australia (Rios, Carney and Kelekay 2017). It is normal for several indigenous women who are locked up in the prisons for commission of minor offences, to be in and out of the gaol. These women are usually less educated and younger as compared to women belonging to non-indigenous community who usually are employed or have children. In addition, the indigenous group often lacks housing and support after releasing from prison, which further leads to reoffending. Consequently, they lack access to the justice system and the prevalence of aboriginal c ustodial deaths results in lack of trust in the policing system of the country. Conclusion However, overrepresentation of aboriginals and people with cognitive impairments and mental illness experience the lowest level of services and their needs are disregarded. Criminal justice systems and their institutions have become effective containers used for controlling and capturing specific part of populations and deal with their problematic behavior. Further, public policies have ignored the lives of indigenous women and people with cognitive impairment and such public policies usually have an adverse impact upon the lives of such people. The value in engaging criminal justice from an intersectional point of view is that it enables to provide a better understanding of how several factors, which leads to oppression, operate synergistically. This would enable to differentiate between the aspects of criminal justice system that operates unfairly. The concept of intersectionality emphasizes on the particular policies and procedures including social, legal, that has an adverse impact on the life of people especially when such people have been subjected to inequality with respect to disadvantages and their identity. Bibliography Nowacki, J.S., 2017. An intersectional approach to race/ethnicity, sex, and age disparity in federal sentencing outcomes: An examination of policy across time periods.Criminology Criminal Justice,17(1), pp.97-116.law Paik, L., 2017. Critical perspectives on intersectionality and criminology: Introduction. Rios, V.M., Carney, N. and Kelekay, J., 2017. Ethnographies of Race, Crime, and Justice: Toward a Sociological Double-Consciousness.Annual Review of Sociology, (0).

Sociology of Everyday Life

Sociologists and philosophers have developed a number of theories to explain everyday life and other related issues such as social relations, face to face interactions, the construction and conception of social realities among others. While some sociologists believe that every day life is a stream of disorganized events, others contradict this view and propose that daily events are deliberately contracted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is among the many definitions of sociology of everyday life (Allan 53). The sociology of everyday life is important to the study of Sociology since it enables sociologist to understand the complexities of everyday life and the factors that determine social interactions. Harold Garfinkel and Erving Goffman are among major sociologists who have contributed to the study of sociology of every day life. Goffman and Garfi nkel agree that there exist social rules which govern daily lives. By following these rules, people become actors. Furthermore, through daily interactions people express themselves. Therefore, Garfinkel’s and Goffman’s contributions are vital to the understanding the sociology of everyday life Garfinkel’s and Goffman’s ideologies on the sociology of daily life have been interpreted differently by critics. However, the two sociologists agree that through social interactions, societies are made (Allan 257). Garfinkel and Goffman further agree that there exist rules which govern how people interact. These rules are socially constructed and are the basis of establishing a well ordered society. Goffmanian school of thought postulates that social rules are useful in daily life interactions since they not only help in directing social interactions but also help people to make â€Å"social meaning and the definition of the self† (Maynard 278). In this rega rd, Goffmanian school of thought suggests that self identity is created through social interactions. To explain this concept, Goffman uses heterosexuals as examples and suggest that heterosexuals can determine how people perceive them by managing how they appear in public. According to Garfinkel daily interactions are governed by preexisting rules which cannot be easily changed (Allan 83). This implies that the society is made up of rigid rules, whose adherence determines how people fit into it. Garfinkel and Goffman acknowledge that societies cannot exist without rules. Furthermore, both Goffman and Garfinkel focus on the relationship between people and these rules. Both Garfinkel and Goffman postulate that people’s lives are governed by existing rules. This suggests that people are actors in every day life. Goffman suggest that rules enable people to conduct daily interactions. By asserting that rules are interactions enablers, Goffman elevates people above the rules.Advert ising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that social rules exist to serve the complex and dynamic nature of human interactions needs. As such, the rules can change or be violated as human needs evolve. Goffman adds that violating the rules does not threaten social interactions but enables actors to derive new social meanings. As such, through social interactions, people portray their self-centeredness (Allan 56). Similarly, Garfinkel explains that social interactions occur within rigid social rules. However, Garfinkel contradicts Goffman and explains that social norms do not change within the course of interaction. As such people become actors since they follow predetermined social norms. This implies that, unlike Goffman, Garfinkel elevates social rules above the actor. As such, the rules do not exist to serve the actor but to govern the way the actors conduct daily interactions ( Maynard 278). Therefore, actors have to continuously learn what the society requires of them so as to maintain social order. Both Garfinkel and Goffman assert that daily interactions are a way of expressing the self. Garfinkelian school of thought postulates that a person is made up of two major components; personality and the self. These components don’t evolve but are constructed. The self is different from the personality. Sociology does not explain personality since the personality is not constructed socially. Rather, it is constructed psychologically. On the other hand, psychology cannot explain the self since the self is constructed socially. Therefore, self identity is constructed through the sociology of everyday life. Garfinkelian school of thought concludes that daily interactions not only help to construct but also to express the self (Allan 54). Similarly, Goffmanian school of thought stipulates that the self is expressed through social interactions. The self is c overt and the only way it can be revealed is through face-to-face interactions. Through these interactions, people give social signal which reveal personal traits. These social signals help others form notions about us (Allan 157). As such, Garfinkel and Goffman suggest that social interactions not only help in forming self identity but also expressing it. Garfinkel and Goffman have made major contributions to sociology of everyday life, with significant effects on the wider field of sociology. The two sociologists have asserted that the society is a product of social interactions since people construct and derive meaning through face to face interactions. Within the process of daily interactions, there exist rules which govern how people interact. As such, people become actors. Social interactions are also significant since they not only enable people to express themselves but also in contracting self identity. Despite the fact that Garfinkel and Goffman differ on some aspects, the ir theories have made significant contribution to sociology of everyday life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Allan, Kenneth. Contemporary Social and Sociological Theory: Visualizing Social ` Words. Thousands Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2010. Print. Maynard, Douglas. â€Å"Goffman, Garfinkel, and Games.† Sociological Theory 9.2 (1991): ` 277-279. Web. This essay on Sociology of Everyday Life was written and submitted by user Zoe Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Astronomy †Distance in The Stars and The Solar System

Astronomy – Distance in The Stars and The Solar System Free Online Research Papers Astronomy Distance in The Stars and The Solar System ***All italic words are located at the bottom accompanied by their definitions*** The Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun, nine planets, sixty-eight satellites (of the planets), large numbers of comets and asteroids, and the interplanetary medium. All the planets orbit in the same counter-clockwise direction looking down from above the Sun’s north pole or in a prograde direction. All except for Venus and Uranus, whose rotations are defined as retrograde. The nine planets are classified in several ways: By composition: Terrestrial or rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars: The terrestrial planets are composed mostly of rock and metal and have relatively high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings and very few satellites. o Jovian or gas planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: ? The gas planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, and generally have low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites. By size: o Small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Pluto. ? The small planets have diameters less than 13000 km. o Giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. ? The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000 km. o Mercury and Pluto are sometimes referred to as lesser planets (not to be confused with minor planets which is the official term for asteroids). o The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. By position relative to the Sun: o Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. o Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. o The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar system. By position relative to Earth: o Inferior planets: Mercury and Venus. ? They are closer to the Sun compared to the Earth. ? The inferior planets show phases like the Moons when viewed from Earth. o superior planets: Mars thru Pluto. ? farther from the Sun than Earth. ? The superior planets always appear full or nearly so. By History: o classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. ? known since pre-historical times ? visible to the unaided eye o modern planets: Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. ? discovered in modern times ? visible only with telescopes Stars: Are huge spherical masses of gas that began radiating energy because of nuclear reactions occurring deep within their interiors They differ in size, shape, luminosity, temperature, and composition Distance To Stars: First measured by Friedrich Bessel in 1838, method called Trigonometric Parallax As the earth moves around the sun, a star relatively nearby will appear to shift its position in the sky relative to more distant stars. By measuring these minute angular shifts, the distance of a star can be determined trigonometrically. Half of the total apparent shift of the star with respect to the background is called the star’s trigonometric parallax. It follows that the parallax of a star is the angle formed t the star by the triangle formed between the star and each end of the radius of the earth’s orbit. Glossary: Jovian planets: The planets with orbits beyond that of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Parallax: The apparent change in position of a star relative to the distant, background stars as seen from the Earth at opposite points in its orbit around the sun. Prograde: Counterclockwise, when viewed from north of the ecliptic, rotation of a celestial body around its axis. Retrograde motion: The motion of a planet from west to east among the stars over a lengthy period of time. It is when the earth overtakes another planet as they both orbit the sun. Star: A celestial body made up of hot gases held together by its own gravity and emitting light and heat resulting from its internal nuclear reactions. Our Sun is a typical star. Terrestrial planets: The planets with orbits within the orbit of Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The Distance To A Star Tan( 1 ) = 93 000 000 Miles 9000 X X= 4.8 x 10 A.U.= Astronomical Unit= 150 million Kilometres = 93 million Miles 1 minute= 1 1 second= 1 60 3600 A= 0.4 seconds = 1 9000 Research Papers on Astronomy - Distance in The Stars and The Solar SystemThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part One

Management in context Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in context - Assignment Example According to the authors of this article, in order to avoid the negative connotation that have become associated with the title ‘manager,’ they have resorted to titles like professional, entrepreneur or project leader. The author not only expresses strong feelings about the behavior of managers but also condemns it, thereby calling for changes to be made on the responsibilities that go with this title. The way every context that the authors looks at the title is simple spellbinding, which therefore calls for serious research and analysis on management as a discipline in order to correct the situation (Brocklehurst, Grey and Sturdy, 2010). Surprises in JA2 Academicians and intellectuals in our business school are increasingly joining the chorus of castigating and condemning management practices which is a complete departure from the initial support that they exhibited on the management practice as we know it today. This article explores managers’ obsession with the so-called intellectual slavery with roots in explicit ideas that senior personnel in organization acquired in their respective business schools. According to the authors, the MBA has become a means of acquiring appropriate ways of management to gain self confidence for legitimate social privileges in senior management (Sturdy, Brocklehurst, Winstanley, et al, 2006). They are taught that managers cannot be trusted hence should maximize shareholder’ wealth in order to reconcile their interest and that of their employers (shareholder) as a way of overcoming the agency problems. This is particularly evident in cases where opportunities for application of management practices in organization are viewed as inappropriate within organizations. Therefore, tight monitoring should be an appropriate strategy of preventing people from pursuing opportunistic behavior at the expense of practices that are of the common good to the organization. It is in the context of this disparity that a regulatory framework should be devised as a mean of safeguarding the interests of the suppliers, customers, employees and most importantly, shareholder. The article however, points out the need to explore academic knowledge beyond that of transforming ideas of the discursive content to identify towards ideas associated with effective work .I suggest business school should provide moral theories inspired to free them from immoral responsibility by ensuring centrally based education in the organization. The evidence In both articles, authors defend their work by use of books, journals, web pages and research and study institution. According to Sturdy, Brocklehurst, Winstanley, et al (2006), there is more concern on the de-legitimization of a company as institutions and management as a profession. This will be brought about partly by the acceptance of these thoughts when ignored as vital elements of management. Several scholars have recently voiced their concern about the current state of management research and pedagogy. While training people on organization design focusing on transaction cost economics, it is imperative for trainers to ensure that there is firm monitoring as well as control of people so as to curb opportunistic behavior (Brocklehurst, Grey & Sturdy, 2010). Comparison The term management generally refers to

Substitution and Income Effects Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Substitution and Income Effects - Research Paper Example The objective of this paper is to analyze the fluctuations over the purchase behaviors of individuals with relation to the ‘income effect’ and the ‘substitute effect’ when the gasoline prices go high. Theoretical Perspective From a theoretical perspective, the substitute effect essentially refers to the effect over the purchase decisions which take place as a result of the changes in terms of price of the commodities. When the price of a particular commodity increases, the individuals tend to purchase the substitutes of that commodity which would cost them less than the earlier one. One of the major impacts is on the purchasing power of the individuals which seems to be lower when the price of the commodities rises. This can be regarded as a consequential effect to the fact that the fixed budget is less flexible than the prices changes of the commodities which, in turn, tend to determine the consumption capacity of that particular individual or household. In this context, though the budget of the consumer does not alter, the increase on the prices tends to present a circumstance as if the individual has lowered his/her budget with similar consequences to a decrease in the income of the individual. Therefore, the individual responds according to the fluctuation in the purchasing power which is termed as the income effect (Samuelson, 1980). This particular relationship between the budget, substitute and price changes can be apparently witnessed from the diagram represented below: Source: (Iowa State University, 2012) As can be witnessed from the above diagram, q1 and q2 represent the original product and the substitute products respectively. The graph represents that for purchasing 18 units of product q1 and q2, the individual has to spend 8 units and 4 units respectively increasing the probability to consume q2, provided all other factors such as quality are assured (Iowa State University, 2012). Discussion The discussion henceforth wil l address the critical situation over a year when the prices of gasoline have been assumed to increase by 100%. 1. You drove less and purchased less gasoline The reduction in the driving distance is expected to result in a lesser consumption of gasoline. Over a year, with the speedy hikes in the gasoline prices, i.e. by 100%, it becomes quite likely that a budget constraint shall be witnessed. Consequently, as substitute of gasoline, especially in the case of automobiles that are quite constricted, an apparent occurrence of income effect is bound to take place. It is in this context that by reducing the driving distances, the expenditure in terms of gasoline can also be reduced substantially mitigating the constraint of lowered budget due to rapid price increases. 2. You ate out less often In this situation, the consumer responds to the increase in gasoline prices by avoiding gasoline consumption needed to travel with the purpose of having food outside. In this context, the reaction of avoiding travel for outdoor fooding can be regarded as a result of income effect. It is in this context that by avoiding extra gasoline consumption for such luxurious or rather such recreational causes, savings can be augmented proportionately and, likewise, the budget flow can be made flexible by a certain extent. 3. You spent less to

Gender And Sexuality In Shakespeares Plays English Literature Essay

Gender And Sexuality In Shakespeares Plays English Literature Essay The three William Shakespeares plays, The Twelfth Night, Hamlet and The Winters Tale share the same theme gender and sexuality. In the three plays the plight of women is addressed (Ralli, 2008). The Twelfth Night portrays a sexual mess where people go to various heights to win the people they love. Hamlet shows how men regard women as morally corrupt because they follow their hearts desire. In The Winters Tale hatred for women is portrayed by King Leontes as he mistreats her wife and daughter on accusation of infidelity. Hamlet and The Winters tale share some similarities and differences in matters of gender and sexuality. In both plays Hamlet and The Winters Tale, Shakespeare brings out the theme of gender and sexuality. In Hamlet gender uncertainty is brought about by the motif of incest. Claudius and Gertrude are married although they were former sister-in-law and brother-in law. Ophelia and Laertes display a relationship that could be taken as incestuous. Ophelia and Laertes are sister and brother but Laertes sometimes uses sexual terms to speak to his sister. When Ophelia dies, Laertes leaps in to the grave and holds her in his arms a sign of affection (Shakespeare, 1869).Hamlet and Gertrude relationship however shows the strongest form of incest. Hamlet is obsessed with Gertrude and preoccupied with her in such a way that he is fixated with her sex life with Claudius. Hamlet shows hatred against one gender specifically women. Hamlet hates women after her mother is so fast to get married to Claudius after his fathers death. He believes that women are morally corrupt and does not take Gertrudes actions as a sign of female sexuality. Throughout the play, Hamlet is cynical about women as can be seen in his relationships with Gertrude and Ophelia. Hamlet is seen urging Ophelia that instead of facing sexual corruption it is better if she joined a nunnery. He even uses the words Frailty, thy name is woman on her mother (Gertrude) to show she hated women. In the play The Winters Tale, Shakespeare shows the theme of gender and sexuality. Hermione faces the wrath of his husband Leontes when he is faced with sexual jealousy. Leontes believes that his wife is having romantic relations with Polixenes his friend (Prosser, 2003). Instead of taking revenge on Polixenes, Leontes imprisons his wife as a punishment after Polixenes escapes. The play is full of misogyny as Leontes regards her wife as nothing. After her wife gives birth to a daughter, he claims that she belongs to Polixenes and orders her to be taken to desolate land far away. As a sign of revitalization, Shakespeare uses Perdita, Leontess daughter to build the family back together and heal the broken relationship with Polixenes. Florizel, Polixeness son falls in love with the abandoned Perdita and wants to marry her. Throughout the play Hermione spends all her time defending herself against the unjust accusations of her husband. The play shows the mistreatment of female in the soc iety. In the two plays Hamlet and The Winter Tale, the characters Hamlet and Leontes demonstrate the theme of gender and sexuality through the motif of misogyny. Hamlet displays his hate for women when he is disgusted with her mothers decision in marrying Claudius just a few days after his fathers death. Hamlet believes that this is sexual immorality. Hamlet is in love with Ophelia, Laertess brother whom she warns that she would rather go to nunnery rather than become sexually corrupted. Hamlet seems to have the opinion that a woman getting married immediately after the husbands death is immoral. He does not blame the men who do these sexual wrongs. The same character of misogyny applies to Leontes who believes her wife Hermione must pay for his suspicion of infidelity. Although he does not have any prove that his wife is unfaithful, he sends her to prison believing that she did an unforgivable sin. Leontes shows hatred for women because it would have been logical if he punished Polixenes for the same sins but after he escaped he sought to punish the wife. The hatred for women is further shown when he even refuses to acknowledge her daughter as her own. He opted to perceive her as an object of infidelity and she should be abandoned. The only difference between Hamlet and Leontes is that Hamlet is compassionate while Leontes is not. Hamlet loved her mother Gertrude despite her disloyalty. Although he hated what her mother was doing, Hamlet did not stop supporting her. Hamlet loved Ophelia despite the opposition from her family. He only condoned the character but did not use his powers to abuse or mistreat these women. On the other hand Leontes used his power to inflict physical and emotional pain to his wife and daughter who were supposed to be her family. Shakespeare has used similar figurative language in the two plays Hamlet and The Winters Tale. In both cases figurative language brings up the key ideas of gender and sexuality that show love, guilt and revenge. Both plays use a figure of speech known as soliloquy. In Hamlet the soliloquies use include instances where Hamlet says o that this too solid flesh would melt'(Act1 Scene 2), O, What a rogue and peasant slave am I'(Act 2 Scene 3), To be, or not to be'(Act 3 Scene 1), How all occasions do inform against me'(Act 4 Scene 4) among others. In The Winters Tale soliloquy is used in Act 4 Scene 3 where Autolycus speaks of his past life. Although he is addressing the audience it is as if he is talking to himself. He talks about his trickery and the way he sees a young shepherd (Clown) approach him which makes him gloat(Helprin, 2005).The most evident soliloquy is when he says I have served Prince Florizel à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ My traffic is sheets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With die and drab I purchased this caparison A prize! A prize!(Helprin, 2005) In both plays, Shakespeare also uses Imagery. In the Hamlet imagery is used to represent concepts and abstract ideas (Shakespeare, 1869).Act V, Scene I, Yoricks Skull discovered on the graveyard represent symbolism. The skull represents the inevitability of death. Hamlet talks to the skull a figure of speech known as soliloquy (V.i.174-179) .In The Winters Tale, imagery is used to express the contrasting ideas of guilt versus innocence. Shakespeare uses the bible to portray the sinful acts of adults. He uses Isaiah11:6-9 A little child shall lead them .Through the death of Mamillius, a little child, King Leontes is reformed. Perdita was a source of joy to Paullina, Polixenes, and Antigous and finally to Leontes (Act I, Scene II, and Lines 83-87).Shakespeare also uses epigrams in the play on Act I, Scene II, Lines 203-205 He makes a Julys day short as December. Act II, Scene III line 185 I am a feather for each wind that blows. The other similarity between Hamlet and The Winters Tale is the use of one distinct round character. In Hamlet, the main character is Hamlet. Hamlet builds up the whole story which revolves around him. In the whole play he brings out the theme of gender and sexuality through romance, guilt and revenge. Hamlet wants to eliminate Claudius because he was involved romantically with her mother which he suspects was the reason he killed her mother. In The Winters Tale Leontes is a round character who brings out the theme of gender and sexuality. Leontes is jealous because he thinks his wife and Polixenes are romantically involved (Helprin, 2005). A major similarity between the two plays is that the major conflict in the plays is brought about by romance. In the Hamlet, Claudius falls in love with Gertrude. Due to the romantic relationship he kills Hamlets father. Hamlet is thereafter trying to revenge for his fathers death. In The Winters Tale, Leontes is annoyed because he believes his wife is romantically involved with his friend. He throws his wife in prison and disowns his daughter. His daughter falls in love with Polixeness son and gets married. Their romance leads to marriage which thereafter unites the two families.

Assignment 26 Safeguarding

15 ASSIGNMENT 26 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE TASK A BREIFING NOTES FOR NEW WORKERS HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN Every child or young person has the undeniable right to grow and develop in a safe environment that safeguards them from abuse and maltreatment, to enable them to have the best available life chances to develop into young adults. There is no single piece of legislation for safeguarding children in the UK but lots of laws and guidelines which are changing all the time with new legislation.This is passed by Westminster, the Welsh Assembly Government, Northern Ireland Assembly and the Scottish Parliament this is Statutory Law. The way courts interpret laws is known as Case Law which can have an effect on changing Statutory Law. Child Protection legislation is in 2 categories Civil law and Criminal law. 16. Civil Law is in 2 areas Public Law which puts systems and processes to reduce the risk of children coming to harm a nd says what action should happen if they are at risk. Private Law sorts out family contact and divorce. Accompanying material: Promoting Wellbeing and ResilienceCriminal Law deals with people who have offended or are at risk of offending against children. The Children and young Persons Act 1933 is the oldest piece of legislation with only parts of it still in force today, it gives a list of offences against children known as Schedule One Offences. These include sexual assault, different forms of abuse and maltreatment ranging from murder to neglect. Anyone found guilty of one or more of these offences becomes a Schedule One Offender regardless of their age or sentence and this status will stay with them for life.They will be monitored by the local authorities who keep a record of where they live and who with, they need to go to the police station to sign a register on very regular bases to prove that they are and still living where logged Sex offenders Act 1997. Children Act 1989 is the bases of the current child protection system. It has a number of principles The Paramountcy Principl e that means a child’s welfare is paramount when making decisions about their upbringing, a court needs to know the child’s feelings and what they want and only make an order if it’s better for the hild than not making one, where possible retaining family links and the child’s home. Parental Responsibility was introduced which is â€Å"the rights, responsibilities and duties by law a parent of a child has regarding the child and their property†. It also states the local authority has a duty to investigate 17. and protect if they have reasonable cause to think a child is suffering or likely to suffer any sort of harm. Likewise has a duty to provide â€Å"services for children in need and their families†.England and Wales have a separate document working together to Safe guard Children 2006 which emphasises the responsibilities of Professionals towards children at risk and to work together with other agency’s/authorities. The Welsh Asse mbly Government 2006 working together under the Children Act 2004, The Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 and the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 all share the same principles but have their own guidance, as Children Act 1989.The death of Victoria Climbie by her carers, led to an inquiry into how she and others over the years died, the Lambing Report made by Lord Laming criticised the approach to protecting children in society thus led to EVERY CHILD MATTERS GREEN PAPER which in turn led to the Children Act 2004 as services for children were still not working together to protect and identify vulnerable children. This brought in children’s directors who have the responsibility for education, Local authority and children’s social services. Lead Councillors who have political responsibility for child welfare.A Common Assessment Framework to help notice welfare needs for agencies. 18. Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards who have statuary powers to make sure all se rvices (education, police, NHS Social Services youth justice system) work together promoting the wellbeing and make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and investigate all child deaths in their area. Bichard Inquiry where a caretaker who was known to be a danger to children by one police authority, who’s vetting CRB check didn’t flag this up by another authority.This brought in the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 which made a centralized vetting and barring scheme for people working with children. Working with Northern Irelands safeguarding vulnerable groups (NI) order 2007 and Scotland’s protection of vulnerable groups (Scotland) Act 2007 makes a robust system for vetting staff and barring people who are unsuitable to work with children across the whole of the UK. The Children Act 2004 made it illegal to hit a child if it causes mental harm or a lasting mark on the skin.Sexual Offences Act 2003 updated the legislation relating to offences against children to include grooming, abuse of a position of trust, child trafficking; this also covers offences committed whilst abroad by a UK citizen. 19. Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 made it a criminal offence for Uk nationals or permanent UK residents to take or help take a girl abroad to carry out genital mutilation. The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 says people who commit child sex offences abroad, even if it’s not illegal in the country they committed it will still face prosecution in the UK.Data Protection Act Organisations holding personal data to keep it secure, use it only when needed and accurate and kept up to date. Child protection with in a wider concept of safeguarding All agencies, services and authorities not only have a duty to safeguarding children from neglect or abuse but to have a Staying Safe Action Plan enabling every child to enjoy safe environment wherever they spend their time. It’s vital that carers/staff have a good understanding of the risks to children’s safety.By having an up to date Safety representative making risk assessments on the venue and activities under taken, keeping them safe from accidents and promoting their welfare in a safe and healthy environment. An action Plan to safeguard from bulling, crime and in some beliefs forced marriages need to be in place. This affects the day to day child care working place by; All employees’ to be CRB checked and a duty to inform the Safeguarding Authorities if any staff or volunteer poses a threat to the children. 20.Staff must sign a confidentiality agreement, stating not to discuss or post any details of the children by word or internet to anyone except staff or local authorities if needed. Health and Safety with risk assessment made on the venue and activities taking place there. Have all windows and doors locked/secure so the children can’t get out and strangers can’t get in. Visitors to the venue can onl y be allowed in, if they are known/expected to staff and/or identification is shown. Visitors need to be signed in the visitor’s book and signed out again when they leave the building.Have a policy for the protection of children and arrangements to liaise with local safeguarding authorities Log all comments or incidents you observe and deem to be potentially harmful to establish a file, and contacting Social Services or Child Protection if a case is proving likely. Staff to be Qualified and appropriate training kept up to date i. e. First Aid, Health and Safety, Food Hygiene and Child Protection. All outings to be risked assessed, children to wear high visible jackets, the correct ratio of staff to children and a list of all children with contact details of their carer and consent for them to go on the outing.To hold all parent contact details and medical needs of all children. 21. To have a senior adequately trained member of staff to undertake all of the above. Inquiries an d Serious Case Reviews processes are required when a child dies and neglect or abuse is suspected or known to be a factor of the death and they are called in by the Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) they involve all local Authority Children’s Services, Police, Health, School or any other agency felt needed. All involved services make a management review of its practices to see if any changes need to be made.An independent overview report is done which looks at the management reports and they make recommendations, they are commissioned by the LSCB. Ofsted are notified by the Local Authorities of all cases that lead to a Serious Case Review whether it a death or suffered harm as a result of abuse/neglect or there are concern/media coverage raised about a professional practice. The process used by my work setting regarding data information, information handling and sharing is they hold information on children in order to support their development, progress and pr ovide pastoral care and to assess how we are doing as a whole.The information consists of contact details, attendance, ethnic groups, relevant medical needs and any special educational needs. Sometime we are required to pass on data to Local Authorities; they will make an assessment of any special educational needs. Dept. Education and skills use the data for research and statistical purposes to allocate funds and improve education policy and agencies such as Ofsted they use data about progress, performance of children to help inspectors to evaluate the Early Learning settings and part of Ofsted’s assessment of effectiveness of 22.Education initiatives and policy and Qualification and curriculum Authority use information about children to administer national assessments such as the Foundation Stage Profile. At 5yrs assessment are made on all children and passed onto Local Authority. We hold information including, contact details, progress reports, relevant medical information , attendance and accident/injury records and records of observation and assessment of children’s achievement and development. Attached is a copy of our confidentiality policy and procedure.TASK B 1. Safeguarding children is important because far too many children experience abuse and/or neglect by their parents/carers. This is very sadly rising from 25,700 in 2003 to 26,400 in 2006 in England alone. 2. A person-centred approach is important as Every Child Matters so they can be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and enjoy economic well-being, having a national framework to aid the joining of all the services, to plan and meet the needs of individuals rather than a group.All children have the right to have their voices heard regarding plans and events in their lives as stated by the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. 3. What is meant by a partnership working in the context of safeguarding children is people and agencies who ar e involved with the welfare of a child working with professionals such as Child minders, Health visitor’s, police, GP, Social Workers, School and local community. 23. 4. Organisation Role of organisationResponsibility Social Services Assessing children’s needs in the community.The wellbeing, protection and health . of the child NSPCC Identify and prevent child crueltyChild protection, ensuring an appropriate and speedy response Health VisitorAssess child development Health of the young child and work with . S/Services and Police and agencies GPHealth care to the communityGet the appropriate agencies involved and work alongside themProbation Support convicted people rehabilitate Supervise offender to reduce reoffending Protecting the public Police Criminal proceedings in Safeguardingto investigate any criminal offences. 24. School Educate young peopleMonitor the child and work with S/Service . and Child Protection Psychology Service CounsellingWork with the child and s upport them with issues regarding to the abuse Leisure groups i. e. (Scouts) Teach life skills/sportsWork with the Agencies involved and . o be trained in Child Protection. Child MinderTake care and look after young people To be trained in Child Protection so they can . Identify early abuse and work with other agencies Task C It is important to keep children protected in the work setting, as parent/carers intrust their children into your care to keep them from harm and they need to be confidant that their child is safe, failure to do so is a breach of professional values.There are policies that protect the child and adult who works with them. 25. Physical contact: Have clear policies on how to manage it. Young children need physical contact sometimes when they hurt themselves, fallen over etc. where a cuddle can help them to recover back to play, as well as medical help if needed. Too much can be easily mistaken and people have lost their jobs and reputations, you must always make sure you are clear at what is acceptable and have a clear open play area for all to see.With very young children and babies, intermit contact is used, such as nappy changing or wet clothes. Policies are there to safeguard you and the child, never do this with a door closed or out of sight of your colleagues. Photos: written consent from the parents for photos to be taken and used within the setting and their journals or publications/newsletters. Always get parents to sign to say they will only use photos/videos of the children i. e. concert and nativity for their own personal use and not to be put on the internet or social networking sites.CRB Checks: Are made on all staff to safeguard the children. Staff are in a position of trust by the parent/carer and the child. Children look up to and respect people in positions of trust, so think very carefully about your own behaviour and example you set. Listening to children can give you a lot of information and sometimes things of concern, if that is the case try not to agree to keep it a secret, tell them you will share it with your manager. Make sure you record all details and report it if you are concerned about their welfare. 26.Whistle blowing: If you have any idea of poor practice, whether it’s a colleague or manager you must report it and not ignore it. Approach another member of staff or managers tell them and put your concerns in writing with all the facts, make sure something is done. You have the right to be protected from the person you have raised concerns about (UK Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998) Outings: need to be risk assessed, outlining traffic danger, equipment, buildings and parks you’re visiting and the weather too and minimise or delete the hazard using control measures. I. e. walking in the street.Hazard: traffic and the child wondering off, so make sure you have the correct ratio of adults to children on an outing and to wear hi vis wear. The weather, a child getting wet or cold, so make sure you have the correct clothes. Steps can be difficult for young children so make sure they have adult help. Task D In the context of safeguarding children there are recognisable signs that can indicate abuse, neglect are taking place. Not all signs actually mean it is, for instance some African/Asian children can have dark blue like areas on their lower back and buttocks known as Mongolian Blue Spot.Darkened skin or birthmarks can be mistaken for bruising. One of the first signs is Emotional and behaviour rather than physical marks. Emotional Abuse is where love, acceptance and approval is not given and constantly been blamed or criticized. Signs of this can include low self-esteem, neurotic behaviour, hair twisting, continual rocking, self-harm, development delay or sudden change or problem with speech such as stammering, extreme 27. withdrawal or aggression. Emotional abuse is usually linked with neglect.Physical abuse is where a child is harmed or hurt by hittin g, beating with objects, kicked, shaken or thrown and can cause bruising, cuts, injury’s (broken bones) or even death. Signs of this can be wearing too much clothing trying to cover up, refusal to change for PE or take clothes off in the warm weather. Burns and injuries that are unexplained and reoccur, bald patch in their hair, frightened to be touched and shying or dodging back if approached and aggressive behaviour towards others and themselves. Look out for grasp marks on the body i. e.Arms, neck, chest, knees and shoulder’s, finger marks on their cheeks and outline of objects like belt buckle on their buttocks. Neglect is where a parent/carer doesn’t provide shelter, warmth, food that is nourishing, clothes and protection. Possible signs of this could include constantly hungry or stealing food the lack of normal body weight, poor personal hygiene and dress, untreated medical issues, poor or if any social relationships, constant tiredness and destructive ten dencies. Sexual abuse is when a child is persuaded or forced into taking part in sexual acts/situations.This ranges from being shown sexual images, being touch inappropriately, harassed by sexual comments and suggestions and forced to have sex. Signs of this can be sexual knowledge/behaviour far more ahead of their age, don’t like being touch or close to people or removing clothing for examination or PE at school, start to bed wet and soil day and night, withdrawn and not being able to concentrate, regressing to younger behaviour such as thumb sucking, become insecure, loss of appetite, trying to be over perfect, a sudden dislike to be left with someone (uncle, friend, babysitter etc. and drawing sexual images. 28. D2 Action Description 1. ListenListen carefully to what they say. 2. ReactionDon’t look shocked or ask leading questions. 3. CommunicateTalk at the child’s pace without pressure. 4. BelieveAccept what the child is saying. 5. AssuranceTell them they ar e right to tell someone. 6. Never PromiseNever promise to keep it a secret. 7. Never JudgeNever put the perpetrator down as they could still love them. 8. ReportReport it to your manager. 9. Log Write all the facts down. 10. AlertAlert the appropriate authorities.D3 Example of the rights children and their carer’s has in cases of harm/abuse. 1. The child has the right not to be subjected to repeated medical examination and questioning after an allegation of abuse be it physical or sexual in nature. 29. 2. Members of the family have the right to know what is being said about them and have an input to important discussions about theirs and the children’s lives. 3. Children have the right to have their views taken into account about their future and to be kept fully informed in processes involving them and dealt with sensitively.Task E Bulling: there are different types of bulling homophobic because of gender differences, racist due to different ethnic/religious backgroun d, disabilities where they might be in a wheelchair/callipers, special educational needs such as Autism etc. and electronic bulled via the internet/texting. This can be done physically by hitting, kicking, pinching and any violent threats. Verbally name calling, persistent teasing, spreading of rumours and insults/sarcasm. Emotional bulling is when someone is isolating by excluding and not talking to them, torment and humiliation.Cyber bulling is when information is used to cause upset and hurt to somebody by the use of the internet, mobile and technology. Any type of bulling can make a child or young person feel depressed, isolated, sad with a low self-esteem, shy, run away and even suicidal. Policies and Procedure Management have the duty to implement an Anti-Bulling Policy and ensure all staff is aware of it and how to deal with bullying. The manager ensures that all children begin to learn that bulling is wrong and unacceptable behaviour and monitor that it is being implemented. 30. The manager will ensure all staff is sufficiently trained to deal with incidents.Staffs take all forms of bulling very seriously and intervene to prevent incidents happening. A record of any incidents is kept on file and the manager notified. If staff witness an act of bulling they will do all they can to support the person or persons being bullied, if a child is bullied over a period of time after discussion with the manager, the parent will be informed. The pre-school will do all they can to help the child improve their behaviour and make them aware their actions are not acceptable. If the bulling persists the parent will be asked in to discuss this with the manager.Parents who might be concerned that their child is being bullied or suspect them being bullied, should contact the Pre-school manager immediately. Parents have a responsibility to support the Pre-school’s anti bullying policy and actively encourage their child to be a positive member of school life. Parents are also expected to help develop their child’s social skills, in support of the Pre-schools ethos. Story of Bulling A young teenage girl, who had buck teeth and a personal odour problem, enjoyed the internet and social network site as she didn’t have many friends and was a bit of a loner.Her family thought she was a computer whiz as she was very good at ICT so didn’t keep too much of an eye on her, as this was her only 31. Social thing she did. It was during the summer holidays she got a friends request from a boy at school, she accepted the request and started chatting. Over the next 6 weeks, he asked her to be his girlfriend as he had always fancied her, she accepted. They chatted for hours sharing some very intermit things and experiences, she was totally in love with him and he told her he loved her too. She was really looking forward to meeting up with him at school when they went back.On the first day of school they had arranged to meet by the water foun tain in the playground, when she got there she saw him standing waiting along with a large group of girls and boys laughing, calling her names and repeating some of the intermit things she had told him, she realised it was a horrible prank and she was devastated. Over the next few weeks she was so upset and got more and more depressed, not eating and totally shutting herself away and refusing to go to school some days saying she didn’t feel well, as the rumours spread and comments on the internet got worse.Her parents tried talking to her but she just said â€Å"she was fine† and they put it down to teenage and her period pains until one morning when they found her dead, she had taken an overdose and in her hand was a note to her parent saying â€Å"I’m sorry†. Looking back over this story the girl could still be alive if her computer access was monitored in an area open for the family to see. Her teeth could have been seen by an Orthodontic and she could have been taught about personal hygiene at home. School could have discussed this with her and if need be the parents as well.Encouraging her to join after school clubs could also have helped. The school should have noticed the signs of bullying and acted 32. upon it giving the girl support and reassurance whilst dealing with the bullies and explaining that their actions were unacceptable and how it affects people and how they would feel if it was done to them. School should have liaised with the family about their concerns. Task F 1. Giving young people/children praise and encouragement will help with their self-confidence.Teaching them to be more assertive while still respecting others needs and encouraging tolerance and cooperation between their peers and others will help boost children’s self-esteem. 2. It’s important to support resilience when working with children/young people because it helps them deal and cope with different situations, whether they are good o r bad as they get older and develop into young adults. 3. This can be achieved by the family giving the child love and stability, having a good and secure early attachment, a good sense of self identity. In the work place you could o this by helping them to act independently and to encourage them to try new and different things. 4. Children/young people need to develop strategies to protect themselves and make decision about being safe, as this teaches them what is acceptable behaviour and what isn’t. It’s very important they are comfy 33. with whom they are with, what they are doing and what is being done to them. You can support them with this by being approachable to talk too about their concerns and to be caring and reassuring as possible. Children need to learn how to behave in activities and the danger some behaviour has and the consequence it could cause.Road safety is also very important to teach children to keep safe. Educating children about the dangers that some adults pose and how to minimise them, including how to keep safe while they are using the internet/social network sites. Making them aware of the dangers of substance abuse and provide them with age related sex/relationship education including sexual health and safe sex advise and where they can also seek help if they cannot talk to you. 5. Ways of how to empower children/young people to make positive choices. 1 Teach young children about their bodies and how it works.As they get older explaining puberty and how their bodies are changing into young adults and to give them sex/relationship education including contraception/safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases and aware of other agencies that can help them if they need it. 2 Road safety you start when they are very young by holding their hands to cross the road telling them the Green cross code (copy of the code attached) teaching them to cross safely, then moving onto crossing with you without holding your hand, working to being able to cross on their own with supervision, until they can do it without adult supervision. 4. 3. The internet. When young children are using the internet they should have parental supervision and parental security put into place on the computer reducing the risk of assessing inappropriate sites. The computer should be in an open downstairs place where it can be seen (not hidden away in the child bedroom). Ensure you child isn’t using social network sites under age i. e. Facebook has a minimum age of 13yrs. and when they do use these sites, teach them to put their security settings on so only friends can view their age. Never to befriend someone they don’t know or give out personal details/photos even if they say they are the same age, as this could be a much older person grooming or trying to exploit them. These sites can also have the danger of cyber bulling, so give the child the effective advice of what to do if any of this happens. Always check what your c hild is assessing and who they are communicating to, even when they are older teenagers. Task G IssueRiskPossible consequences Being online 1Gambling sites flood the network.Addiction and crime to support their habit. 2 Exposure to violent material. They could imitate the violence seen. 35. 3Grooming/PaedophilesPhysical harm and psychological impact. Mobile phones RiskPossible consequences 1Bulling via textlow self-esteem, depression, self-harm, health if not eating well. 2Health It’s 5 times more likely of children developing cancer due to excessive useof mobile phone as children’s skulls are thinner so the radiation penetrates deeper. 3Pornography Exposure to sexually explicit material, become sexually active under age. AREAWAYS OF REDUCING RISK Social networking1. Safe security settings. 2. Only befriend/chat to people you know. Internet use1. Computer to be in an open area for all to see. 2. Parental controls 36. Buying online1. Make sure it’s a safe padlock ed site. 2. Buy from reputable companies; look for contact details and returns/delivery policies. Using a mobile phone1. Only talk and text to people you know. 2. Restrict the time children use mobile phones to reduce the amount of radiation penetrating.